{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1791240163913,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medical Sciences in Poznan","award":["SDUM-GB24\/03\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDUM-GB24\/03\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a global health issue affecting a significant number of infertile women who undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Extensive vasculogenesis and angiogenesis occur in both maternal and fetal placental tissues, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family molecules and their receptors are potent angiogenic mediators in the placenta. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding angiogenesis-related factors were selected and genotyped in 247 women who had undergone the ART procedure and 120 healthy controls. Genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A variant of the kinase insertion domain receptor (KDR) gene (rs2071559) was associated with an increased risk of infertility after adjusting for age and BMI (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45\u20130.91, p = 0.013 in a log-additive model). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) rs699947 was associated with an increased risk of recurrent implantation failures under a dominant (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.11\u20134.94, padj. = 0.022) and a log-additive model (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.43\u20130.99, padj. = 0.038). Variants of the KDR gene (rs1870377, rs2071559) in the whole group were in linkage equilibrium (D\u2019 = 0.25, r2 = 0.025). Gene\u2013gene interaction analysis showed the strongest interactions between the KDR gene SNPs rs2071559\u2013rs1870377 (p = 0.004) and KDR rs1870377\u2013VEGFA rs699947 (p = 0.030). Our study revealed that the KDR gene rs2071559 variant may be associated with infertility and rs699947 VEGFA with an increased risk of recurrent implantation failures in infertile ART treated Polish women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1677036737000},"page":"4267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Polymorphic Variants of Genes Encoding Angiogenesis-Related Factors in Infertile Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra E.","family":"Mrozikiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Women\u2019s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gra\u017cyna","family":"Kurzawi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Perinatology and Womens Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-3116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"O\u017carowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants\u2014National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Walczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5988-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"O\u017cegowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"J\u0119drzejczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.10.014","article-title":"How common is real repeated implantation failure? 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