{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:35:07Z","timestamp":1790789707606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"NIH grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 EY026642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 EY026642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"NIH grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY031631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY031631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Retinal Research Foundation grant","award":["RO1 EY026642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 EY026642"]}]},{"name":"Retinal Research Foundation grant","award":["P30 EY031631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY031631"]}]},{"name":"Brightfocus Foundation grant","award":["RO1 EY026642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 EY026642"]}]},{"name":"Brightfocus Foundation grant","award":["P30 EY031631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY031631"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our previous studies have shown that systemic neonatal murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of BALB\/c mice spread to the eye with subsequent establishment of latency in choroid\/RPE. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was used to determine the molecular genetic changes and pathways affected by ocular MCMV latency. MCMV (50 pfu per mouse) or medium as control were injected intra-peritoneally (i.p.) into BALB\/c mice at &lt;3 days after birth. At 18 months post injection, the mice were euthanized, and the eyes were collected and prepared for RNA-Seq. Compared to three uninfected control eyes, we identified 321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in six infected eyes. Using the QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (QIAGEN IPA), we identified 17 affected canonical pathways, 10 of which function in neuroretinal signaling, with the majority of DEGs being downregulated, while 7 pathways function in upregulated immune\/inflammatory responses. Retinal and epithelial cell death pathways involving both apoptosis and necroptosis were also activated. MCMV ocular latency is associated with upregulation of immune and inflammatory responses and downregulation of multiple neuroretinal signaling pathways. Cell death signaling pathways are also activated and contribute to the degeneration of photoreceptors, RPE, and choroidal capillaries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1677036737000},"page":"4322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcriptome Analysis of Retinal and Choroidal Pathologies in Aged BALB\/c Mice Following Systemic Neonatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego G.","family":"Espinosa-Heidmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthamology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"James and Jean Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.2.315","article-title":"Summary of a workshop on surveillance for congenital cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"13","author":"Demmler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev. 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