{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:54:59Z","timestamp":1787961299447,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the central and peripheral autonomous system and the intraneuronal cytoplasmic accumulation of misfolded \u03b1-synuclein. The clinical features are the classic triad of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia and a set of non-motor symptoms, including visual deficits. The latter seems to arise years before the onset of motor symptoms and reflects the course of brain disease. The retina, by virtue of its similarity to brain tissue, is an excellent site for the analysis of the known histopathological changes of PD that occur in the brain. Numerous studies conducted on animal and human models of PD have shown the presence of \u03b1-synuclein in retinal tissue. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) could be a technique that enables the study of these retinal alterations in vivo. The objective of this review is to describe recent evidence on the accumulation of native or modified \u03b1-synuclein in the human retina of patients with PD and its effects on the retinal tissue evaluated through SD-OCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T02:57:34Z","timestamp":1677121054000},"page":"4391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Role of Alpha-Synuclein Deposits in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Focus on the Human Retina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1089-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Di Pippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Fragiotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Di Staso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Connecticut Uveitis Foundation, 1043 Farmington Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Scuderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0920-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solmaz","family":"Abdolrahimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peplow, P.V., Martinez, B., and Gennarelli, T.A. 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