{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1792805301546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":207,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]],"date-time":"2023-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IG 20714 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Milan, Italy","award":["2017\u20130535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u20130535"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g2x7380","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"745 Fondazione Cariplo","award":["2017\u20130535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u20130535"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01gb56c55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fondazione Umberto Veronesi","award":["2017\u20130535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u20130535"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041g7jm83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Platelets, traditionally known for their roles in hemostasis and coagulation, are the most prevalent blood component after erythrocytes (150,000\u2013400,000 platelets\/\u03bcL in healthy humans). However, only 10,000 platelets\/\u03bcL are needed for vessel wall repair and wound healing. Increased knowledge of the platelet\u2019s role in hemostasis has led to many advances in understanding that they are crucial mediators in many other physiological processes, such as innate and adaptive immunity. Due to their multiple functions, platelet dysfunction is involved not only in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism, but also in several other disorders, such as tumors, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, thanks to their multiple functions, nowadays platelets are therapeutic targets in different pathologies, in addition to atherothrombotic diseases; they can be used as an innovative drug delivery system, and their derivatives, such as platelet lysates and platelet extracellular vesicles (pEVs), can be useful in regenerative medicine and many other fields. The protean role of platelets, from the name of Proteus, a Greek mythological divinity who could take on different shapes or aspects, is precisely the focus of this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:29:48Z","timestamp":1677468588000},"page":"4565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Platelets, Protean Cells with All-Around Functions and Multifaceted Pharmacological Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Puricelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-3597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Boggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4\/6, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3127-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casimiro Luca","family":"Gigliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"NOVAICOS s.r.l.s, Via Amico Canobio 4\/6, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Stoppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6686-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Dianzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0805-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Rolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13516","article-title":"Platelets: \u201cmultiple choice\u201d effectors in the immune response and their implication in COVID-19 thromboinflammatory process","volume":"43","author":"Rolla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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