{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:22Z","timestamp":1787028502636,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]],"date-time":"2023-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K20392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K20392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22H03178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22H03178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweat plays a critical role in human body, including thermoregulation and the maintenance of the skin environment and health. Hyperhidrosis and anhidrosis are caused by abnormalities in sweat secretion, resulting in severe skin conditions (pruritus and erythema). Bioactive peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was isolated and identified to activate adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Recently, it was reported that PACAP increases sweat secretion via PAC1R in mice and promotes the translocation of AQP5 to the cell membrane through increasing intracellular [Ca2+] via PAC1R in NCL-SG3 cells. However, intracellular signaling mechanisms by PACAP are poorly clarified. Here, we used PAC1R knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice to observe changes in AQP5 localization and gene expression in sweat glands by PACAP treatment. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PACAP promoted the translocation of AQP5 to the lumen side in the eccrine gland via PAC1R. Furthermore, PACAP up-regulated the expression of genes (Ptgs2, Kcnn2, Cacna1s) involved in sweat secretion in WT mice. Moreover, PACAP treatment was found to down-regulate the Chrna1 gene expression in PAC1R KO mice. These genes were found to be involved in multiple pathways related to sweating. Our data provide a solid basis for future research initiatives in order to develop new therapies to treat sweating disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:29:48Z","timestamp":1677468588000},"page":"4572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular and Physiological Functions of PACAP in Sweat Secretion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-7030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michio","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Shibato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randeep","family":"Rakwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hirabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-8034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Shioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0806, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Takenoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70063-3","article-title":"Biology of sweat glands and their disorders. 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