{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:36:58Z","timestamp":1773045418156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening disorder. Beyond its usefulness in the prognostic stratification of heart failure, sST2 can represent a biomarker with high utility in several acute conditions. Our study was aimed to investigate whether sST2 can be used as a clinical marker of severity and prognostic outcome in acute PE. We enrolled 72 patients with documented PE and 38 healthy subjects; we measured the plasma concentrations of sST2 to evaluate the prognostic and severity performance of different levels of sST2 according to its association with the pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score and several parameters of respiratory function. PE patients had significantly higher levels of sST2 compared with healthy subjects (87.74 \u00b1 17.1 vs. 17.1 \u00b1 0.4 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001); we found higher PESI scores and serum lactate values in the group of patients with sST2 &gt; 35 ng\/mL compared with patients with sST2 &lt; 35 ng\/mL (138.7 \u00b1 14.9 vs. 103.7 \u00b1 15.1 and 2.43 \u00b1 0.69 vs. 1.025 \u00b1 0.05 mmol\/L, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Patients with sST2 &gt; 35 ng\/mL showed higher radiological severity of PE compared with patients with sST2 &lt; 35 ng\/mL. Moreover, sST2 was the strongest parameter with a discriminative capacity for the development of acute respiratory failure and a PESI score &gt;106 with respect to C reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, d-dimer, and serum lactate. We clearly demonstrated that sST2 significantly increased in PE and that its elevation was associated with disease severity. Therefore, sST2 may be used as a clinical marker in the evaluation of PE severity. However, further studies with larger patient populations are required to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T03:29:48Z","timestamp":1677468588000},"page":"4591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of sST2 Behaviors to Evaluate Severity\/Clinical Impact of Acute Pulmonary Embolism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4463-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Petramala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Concistr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sarlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli I.R.C.C.S., 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Chimica, Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli I.R.C.C.S., 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Suppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Servello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Circosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gioacchino","family":"Galardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orietta","family":"Gandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7380-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Emergency-Acceptance, Critical Areas and Trauma, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7121-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gino","family":"Iannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4397-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Letizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn310","article-title":"Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"29","author":"Torbicki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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