{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:18:48Z","timestamp":1778692728527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","award":["FA849\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA849\/4-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous granulomatoses represent a heterogeneous group of diseases, which are defined by macrophage infiltration in the skin. Skin granuloma can be formed in the context of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Recent technological advances have deepened our understanding of the pathophysiology of granulomatous skin inflammation, and they provide novel insights into human tissue macrophage biology at the site of ongoing disease. Here, we discuss findings on macrophage immune function and metabolism derived from three prototypic cutaneous granulomatoses: granuloma annulare, sarcoidosis, and leprosy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T03:00:38Z","timestamp":1677553238000},"page":"4624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Macrophage Biology in Human Granulomatous Skin Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Henning","family":"Klapproth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, and University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Huerta Arana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, and University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Fabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, and University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8666-8","article-title":"Cutaneous Granulomatosis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"54","author":"Mainetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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