{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:17:43Z","timestamp":1790705863679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY026479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY026479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epitheliopathy at the ocular surface is a defining sign of dry eye disease, a common disorder that affects 10% to 30% of the world\u2019s population. Hyperosmolarity of the tear film is one of the main drivers of pathology, with subsequent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the resulting unfolded protein response (UPR), and caspase-3 activation implicated in the pathway to programmed cell death. Dynasore, is a small molecule inhibitor of dynamin GTPases that has shown therapeutic effects in a variety of disease models involving oxidative stress. Recently we showed that dynasore protects corneal epithelial cells exposed to the oxidant tBHP, by selective reduction in expression of CHOP, a marker of the UPR PERK branch. Here we investigated the capacity of dynasore to protect corneal epithelial cells subjected to hyperosmotic stress (HOS). Similar to dynasore\u2019s capacity to protect against tBHP exposure, dynasore inhibits the cell death pathway triggered by HOS, protecting against ER stress and maintaining a homeostatic level of UPR activity. However, unlike with tBHP exposure, UPR activation due to HOS is independent of PERK and mostly driven by the UPR IRE1 branch. Our results demonstrate the role of the UPR in HOS-driven damage, and the potential of dynasore as a treatment to prevent dry eye epitheliopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:29:00Z","timestamp":1677727740000},"page":"4754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dynasore Protects Corneal Epithelial Cells Subjected to Hyperosmolar Stress in an In Vitro Model of Dry Eye Epitheliopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6718-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Martinez-Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Elizabeth","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006","article-title":"TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report","volume":"15","author":"Willcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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