{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:18:24Z","timestamp":1791573504384,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012511","name":"National Polytechnic School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIIF-20-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIIF-20-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012511","name":"National Polytechnic School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["089-UIO-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089-UIO-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011749","name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIIF-20-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIIF-20-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011749","name":"Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["089-UIO-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089-UIO-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Miryan Rosita Rivera-PUCE (Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador)","award":["PIIF-20-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIIF-20-05"]}]},{"name":"Miryan Rosita Rivera-PUCE (Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador)","award":["089-UIO-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089-UIO-2021"]}]},{"name":"Mar\u00eda Paulina ROMERO-EPN (Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito-Ecuador)","award":["PIIF-20-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIIF-20-05"]}]},{"name":"Mar\u00eda Paulina ROMERO-EPN (Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito-Ecuador)","award":["089-UIO-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089-UIO-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxides (MNPs-Fe) have been proposed as photothermal agents (PTAs) within antibacterial photothermal therapy (PTT), aiming to counteract the vast health problem of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. We present a quick and easy green synthesis (GS) to prepare MNPs-Fe harnessing waste. Orange peel extract (organic compounds) was used as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the GS, which employed microwave (MW) irradiation to reduce the synthesis time. The produced weight, physical\u2013chemical features and magnetic features of the MNPs-Fe were studied. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was assessed in animal cell line ATCC RAW 264.7, as well as their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We found that the 50GS-MNPs-Fe sample (prepared by GS, with 50% v\/v of NH4OH and 50% v\/v of orange peel extract) had an excellent mass yield. Its particle size was ~50 nm with the presence of an organic coating (terpenes or aldehydes). We believe that this coating improved the cell viability in extended periods (8 days) of cell culture with concentrations lower than 250 \u00b5g\u00b7mL\u22121, with respect to the MNPs-Fe obtained by CO and single MW, but it did not influence the antibacterial effect. The bacteria inhibition was attributed to the plasmonic of 50GS-MNPs-Fe (photothermal effect) by irradiation with red light (630 nm, 65.5 mW\u00b7cm\u22122, 30 min). We highlight the superparamagnetism of the 50GS-MNPs-Fe over 60 K in a broader temperature range than the MNPs-Fe obtained by CO (160.09 K) and MW (211.1 K). Therefore, 50GS-MNPs-Fe could be excellent candidates as broad-spectrum PTAs in antibacterial PTT. Furthermore, they might be employed in magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, oncological treatments, and so on.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:29:00Z","timestamp":1677727740000},"page":"4770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bioinspired Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Iron Oxides Using Orange Waste and Their Application as Photo-Activated Antibacterial Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Giancarlo","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7863-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Garz\u00f3n-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Citogen\u00e9tica y Biomol\u00e9culas de Anfibios (LICBA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170143, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1225-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateo Alejandro","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Citogen\u00e9tica y Biomol\u00e9culas de Anfibios (LICBA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170143, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina J.","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleber Orlando","family":"Campa\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8269-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Debut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla","family":"Vizuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9944-7130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miryan Rosita","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Citogen\u00e9tica y Biomol\u00e9culas de Anfibios (LICBA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170143, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7591-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Niebieskikwiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3812-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3524-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Paulina","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: Present situation and prospects for the future","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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