{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:32:31Z","timestamp":1790191951514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS 2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS 2017\/25\/B\/NZ9\/02544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproductive and condition parameters\u2019 dependency on immune status in seasonally reproducing ruminants such as red deer have not been outlined to date. We determined T and B blood lymphocytes; the concentration of IgG, cAMP, haptoglobulin, and 6-keto-PGF1\u03b1 in blood plasma; and the mRNA and protein expression of PG endoperoxide synthase 2, 5-lipoxygenase, PGE2 synthase (PGES), PGF2\u03b1 synthase (PGFS), PGI2 synthase (PGIS), leukotriene (LT)A4 hydrolase, and LTC4 synthase (LTC4S) in the uterine endo- and myometrium, on the 4th (N = 7) and 13th (N = 8) days of the estrous cycle, in anestrus (N = 6) and pregnancy (N = 8) in hinds. An increase in CD4+ T regulatory lymphocyte percentage during the estrous cycle and anestrus compared with pregnancy was recorded; the opposite effect was observed for CD21+ B cells (p &lt; 0.05). cAMP and haptoglobin concentration were elevated during the cycle, as was IgG on the fourth day of the cycle, whereas 6-keto-PGF1\u03b1 concentration was the highest in pregnancy, and the nearest in anestrus similarly were LTC4S, PGES, PGFS, and PGIS protein expression in the endometrium (p &lt; 0.05). We showed an interaction between the immune system activation and AA-metabolite production in the uterus throughout different reproductive stages. IgG, cAMP, haptoglobin, and 6-keto-PGF1\u03b1 concentrations are valuable candidates for markers of reproductive status in hinds. The results help expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying seasonal reproduction in ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:29:00Z","timestamp":1677727740000},"page":"4771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How Is Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Uterus Connected with the Immune Status of Red Deer Females (Cervus elaphus L.) in Different Reproductive Stages?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6529-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika M.","family":"Kotlarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR&FR PAS), Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4685-0775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kaczmarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR&FR PAS), Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Witkowska-Pi\u0142aszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6379-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kotula-Balak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krak\u00f3w, Mickiewicza 24\/28, 30-059 Crak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna J.","family":"Korzekwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IAR&FR PAS), Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-018-1239-5","article-title":"Waning and boosting: On the dynamics of immune status","volume":"77","author":"Diekmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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