{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:56:03Z","timestamp":1773280563149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81860170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860170"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["20181ACG70010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20181ACG70010"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi","award":["81860170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81860170"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi","award":["20181ACG70010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20181ACG70010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (called 1900 K LEDs for short) have the potential to become a healthy light source due to their blue-free property. Our previous research demonstrated that these LEDs posed no harm to retinal cells and even protected the ocular surface. Treatment targeting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a promising direction for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nevertheless, no study has evaluated the protective effects of these LEDs on RPE. Therefore, we used the ARPE-19 cell line and zebrafish to explore the protective effects of 1900 K LEDs. Our results showed that the 1900 K LEDs could increase the cell vitality of ARPE-19 cells at different irradiances, with the most pronounced effect at 10 W\/m2. Moreover, the protective effect increased with time. Pretreatment with 1900 K LEDs could protect the RPE from death after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) damage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial damage caused by H2O2. In addition, we preliminarily demonstrated that irradiation with 1900 K LEDs in zebrafish did not cause retinal damage. To sum up, we provide evidence for the protective effects of 1900 K LEDs on the RPE, laying the foundation for future light therapy using these LEDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T03:29:00Z","timestamp":1677727740000},"page":"4794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antioxidative and Mitochondrial Protection in Retinal Pigment Epithelium: New Light Source in Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1962-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Jian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Ting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Lian","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307294","article-title":"White light\u2013emitting diodes (LEDs) at domestic lighting levels and retinal injury in a rat model","volume":"122","author":"Shang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. 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