{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:07:40Z","timestamp":1782497260140,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States (U.S.) Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service","award":["I01 RX001262A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 RX001262A1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In women, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), leakage of urine from increased abdominal pressure, is correlated with pudendal nerve (PN) injury during childbirth. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is dysregulated in a dual nerve and muscle injury model of childbirth. We aimed to use tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), the receptor of BDNF, to bind free BDNF and inhibit spontaneous regeneration in a rat model of SUI. We hypothesized that BDNF is essential for functional recovery from the dual nerve and muscle injuries that can lead to SUI. Female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats underwent PN crush (PNC) and vaginal distension (VD) and were implanted with osmotic pumps containing saline (Injury) or TrkB (Injury + TrkB). Sham Injury rats received sham PNC + VD. Six weeks after injury, animals underwent leak-point-pressure (LPP) testing with simultaneous external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography recording. The urethra was dissected for histology and immunofluorescence. LPP after injury and TrkB was significantly decreased compared to Injury rats. TrkB treatment inhibited reinnervation of neuromuscular junctions in the EUS and promoted atrophy of the EUS. These results demonstrate that BDNF is essential to neuroregeneration and reinnervation of the EUS. Treatments aimed at increasing BDNF periurethrally could promote neuroregeneration to treat SUI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1678076998000},"page":"4998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Indispensable to Continence Recovery after a Dual Nerve and Muscle Childbirth Injury Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Balog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Advanced Platform Technology Center, Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangli","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Advanced Platform Technology Center, Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Hanzlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Advanced Platform Technology Center, Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margot S.","family":"Damaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Advanced Platform Technology Center, Research Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44311, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4","article-title":"The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society","volume":"61","author":"Abrams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800771213","article-title":"Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: A 5-year follow-up","volume":"77","author":"Snooks","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. 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