{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:10:29Z","timestamp":1785190229093,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is recognized as a heterogeneous disease with a wide range of clinical features, resulting in significant morbidity and cost to the healthcare system. While the phenotypic classification is determined by the presence or absence of nasal polyps and comorbidities, the endotype classification has been established based on molecular biomarkers or specific mechanisms. Research on CRS has now developed based on information based on three major endotypes: types 1, 2, and 3. Recently, biological therapies targeting type 2 inflammation have been clinically expanded and may be applied to other inflammatory endotypes in the future. The purpose of this review is to discuss the treatment options according to the type of CRS and summarize recent studies on new therapeutic approaches for patients with uncontrolled CRS with nasal polyps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24055015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1678076998000},"page":"5015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Treatment Strategy of Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Review of Recent Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sung-Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8436-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Sup","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-Ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.12.986","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in the general population based on sinus radiology and symptomatology","volume":"143","author":"Lourijsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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