{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:40:25Z","timestamp":1791250825609,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT-2017-1451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2017-1451"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT-2019-01617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2019-01617"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT2017-1158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2017-1158"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT-2020-03340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2020-03340"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["PICT-2020-03211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2020-03211"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica (ANPCyT)","award":["20020170100127BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100127BA"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["PICT-2017-1451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2017-1451"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["PICT-2019-01617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2019-01617"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["PICT2017-1158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2017-1158"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["PICT-2020-03340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2020-03340"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["PICT-2020-03211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2020-03211"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT)","award":["20020170100127BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20020170100127BA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people in the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem, ranking among the thirteen leading causes of death worldwide. Human TB infection spans different levels of stages: incipient, subclinical, latent and active TB, all of them with varying symptoms, microbiological characteristics, immune responses and pathologies profiles. After infection, Mtb interacts with diverse cells of both innate and adaptive immune compartments, playing a crucial role in the modulation and development of the pathology. Underlying TB clinical manifestations, individual immunological profiles can be identified in patients with active TB according to the strength of their immune responses to Mtb infection, defining diverse endotypes. Those different endotypes are regulated by a complex interaction of the patient\u2019s cellular metabolism, genetic background, epigenetics, and gene transcriptional regulation. Here, we review immunological categorizations of TB patients based on the activation of different cellular populations (both myeloid and lymphocytic subsets) and humoral mediators (such as cytokines and lipid mediators). The analysis of the participating factors that operate during active Mtb infection shaping the immunological status or immune endotypes of TB patients could contribute to the development of Host Directed Therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24055033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1678076998000},"page":"5033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Beyond the Clinic: The Activation of Diverse Cellular and Humoral Factors Shapes the Immunological Status of Patients with Active Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8387-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy Liliana","family":"Tateosian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Paula","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3505-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Miguel","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, CEDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica Edith","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"},{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Intendente G\u00fciraldes 2160, Pabell\u00f3n II, 4\u00b0piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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