{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:39:28Z","timestamp":1789267168181,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nature Cell","award":["#550-20200076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#550-20200076"]}]},{"name":"Nature Cell","award":["#550-20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#550-20220102"]}]},{"name":"R Bio","award":["#550-20200076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#550-20200076"]}]},{"name":"R Bio","award":["#550-20220102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#550-20220102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent tendency to delay pregnancy has increased the incidence of age-related infertility, as female reproductive competence decreases with aging. Along with aging, a lowered capacity of antioxidant defense causes a loss of normal function in the ovaries and uterus due to oxidative damage. Therefore, advancements have been made in assisted reproduction to resolve infertility caused by reproductive aging and oxidative stress, following an emphasis on their use. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with intensive antioxidative properties has been extensively validated as a regenerative therapy, and proceeding from original cell therapy, the therapeutic effects of stem cell conditioned medium (CM) containing paracrine factors secreted during cell culture have been reported to be as effective as that of direct treatment of source cells. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of female reproductive aging and oxidative stress and present MSC-CM, which could be developed as a promising antioxidant intervention for assisted reproductive technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24055053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:07:38Z","timestamp":1678154858000},"page":"5053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Female Reproductive Aging and Oxidative Stress: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium as a Promising Antioxidant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kihae","family":"Ra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Chang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00327","article-title":"Impact of Maternal Age on Oocyte and Embryo Competence","volume":"9","author":"Cimadomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60541-X","article-title":"Basic aspects of implantation","volume":"15","author":"Basar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2108","article-title":"Reproductive ageing in women","volume":"211","author":"Djahanbakhch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492803","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/492803","article-title":"Comparison of Endocrine Profile and In Vitro Fertilization Outcome in Patients with PCOS, Ovulatory PCO, or Normal Ovaries","volume":"2012","author":"Zhong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03112-6","article-title":"Effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilization","volume":"77","author":"Barnhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu041","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis and in vitro fertilization outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Vercellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2008.4089","article-title":"Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8416763","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763","article-title":"Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"2017","author":"Pizzino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders-A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies","volume":"1863","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00856-0","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in the aging process","volume":"33","author":"Sohal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080843","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5080843","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis","volume":"2019","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0752rev","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage: Mechanisms, mutation, and disease","volume":"17","author":"Cooke","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687","article-title":"Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing","volume":"408","author":"Finkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-008-9058-z","article-title":"The oxidative stress theory of aging: Embattled or invincible? Insights from non-traditional model organisms","volume":"30","author":"Buffenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0253-4","article-title":"Impact of stress on oocyte quality and reproductive outcome","volume":"23","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"411","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress markers may be a promising indicator of risk for primary ovarian insufficiency: A cross-sectional case control study","volume":"37","author":"Tokmak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"S40","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the ovary","volume":"8","author":"Behrman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265238","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7265238","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"2017","author":"Scutiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000141085.98320.01","article-title":"Oxidative stress and preeclampsia: Rationale for antioxidant clinical trials","volume":"44","author":"Raijmakers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.03.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in placental pathology","volume":"69","author":"Schoots","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X16648495","article-title":"Oxidative stress in pregnancy and reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Duhig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00811","article-title":"Impact of Oxidative Stress on Age-Associated Decline in Oocyte Developmental Competence","volume":"10","author":"Sasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R217","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0111","article-title":"Oxidative stress and ageing of the post-ovulatory oocyte","volume":"146","author":"Lord","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199420000179","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in reproduction: Harmful, essential or both?","volume":"28","author":"Jamil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20098","article-title":"Effects of oxidative stress on embryonic development","volume":"81","author":"Dennery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.07.013","article-title":"Impact of oxidative stress on oocyte competence for in vitro embryo production programs","volume":"132","author":"Paramio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.01.013","article-title":"Aging and the environment affect gamete and embryo potential: Can we intervene?","volume":"105","author":"Meldrum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1586\/17474108.3.4.539","article-title":"Impact of oxidative stress on IVF","volume":"3","author":"Makker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-112","article-title":"Utility of antioxidants during assisted reproductive techniques: An evidence based review","volume":"12","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R247","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0391","article-title":"The embryonic stress response to in vitro culture: Insight from genomic analysis","volume":"152","author":"Cagnone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2017.21.1.001","article-title":"Usage of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cell-based Therapy: Advantages and Disadvantages","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-070909-105309","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Parekkadan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2806","article-title":"Conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures: The next generation for regenerative medicine","volume":"13","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.21037\/sci.2019.08.11","article-title":"A revealing review of mesenchymal stem cells therapy, clinical perspectives and Modification strategies","volume":"6","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Investig."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965849","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/965849","article-title":"Prospect of stem cell conditioned medium in regenerative medicine","volume":"2014","author":"Pawitan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Gilbert, S. (2000). Developmental Biology, Sinauer Associates. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12494","article-title":"Maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: A cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Khalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kenny, L.C., Lavender, T., McNamee, R., O\u2019Neill, S.M., Mills, T., and Khashan, A.S. (2013). Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcome: Evidence from a large contemporary cohort. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056583"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lean, S.C., Derricott, H., Jones, R.L., and Heazell, A.E.P. (2017). Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2018). Patient Fact Sheets and Booklets on Reproductivefacts.org, American Society for Reproductive Medicine."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-012-4352-5","article-title":"Current understanding of ovarian aging","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"411","article-title":"An Update on Ovarian Aging and Ovarian Reserve Tests","volume":"9","author":"Amanvermez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms043","article-title":"The ageing ovary and uterus: New biological insights","volume":"19","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35087-3","article-title":"Advanced reproductive age and fertility","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591764","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.591764","article-title":"Editorial: Ovarian Ageing: Pathophysiology and Recent Development of Maintaining Ovarian Reserve","volume":"11","author":"Kawamara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.10.001","article-title":"Hormonal changes and biomarkers in late reproductive age, menopausal transition and menopause","volume":"23","author":"Hale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04214-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial deletions in luteinized granulosa cells as a function of age in women undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"78","author":"Seifer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal080","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in the expression of superoxide dismutases and catalase are associated with ultrastructural modifications in human granulosa cells","volume":"12","author":"Tatone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2903fje","article-title":"A central role for ceramide in the age-related acceleration of apoptosis in the female germline","volume":"19","author":"Perez","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod66.6.1828","article-title":"Intracellular calcium oscillations signal apoptosis rather than activation in in vitro aged mouse eggs","volume":"66","author":"Gordo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60497-X","article-title":"Spindles, mitochondria and redox potential in ageing oocytes","volume":"8","author":"Vogt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019080","article-title":"Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes from naturally cycling women","volume":"11","author":"Battaglia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive (2006). Aging and infertility in women. Fertil. Steril., 86, S248\u2013S252.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.08.024"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.190.231","article-title":"Telomerase activity in normal ovaries and premature ovarian failure","volume":"190","author":"Kinugawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112125","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mammalian aging","volume":"309","author":"Kujoth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61946-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA point mutation in human oocytes is associated with maternal age","volume":"1","author":"Barritt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw028","article-title":"Ovarian ageing: The role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles","volume":"22","author":"Boucret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.088583","article-title":"Oxidative damage increases and antioxidant gene expression decreases with aging in the mouse ovary","volume":"84","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-23","article-title":"Defining ovarian reserve to better understand ovarian aging","volume":"9","author":"Gleicher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2010.501889","article-title":"Ageing and infertility: An overview","volume":"26","author":"Balasch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137986","article-title":"Oocyte donation: Comparison between recipients from different age groups","volume":"8","author":"Flamigni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57797-8","article-title":"Effect of aging on the female reproductive system: Evidence for a role of uterine senescence in the decline in female fecundity","volume":"64","author":"Cano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.09.004","article-title":"Ageing and ART: A waste of time and money?","volume":"21","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-14-0310","article-title":"The Kruppel-like factors in female reproductive system pathologies","volume":"54","author":"Simmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12305","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12305","article-title":"Maternal age effects on myometrial expression of contractile proteins, uterine gene expression, and contractile activity during labor in the rat","volume":"3","author":"Elmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-017-0284-z","article-title":"Age-associated mRNA expression changes in bovine endometrial cells in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Tanikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00308-x","article-title":"Decidualisation and placentation defects are a major cause of age-related reproductive decline","volume":"8","author":"Woods","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.04.041","article-title":"Function of reactive oxygen species during animal development: Passive or active?","volume":"320","author":"Covarrubias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"w13659","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: From health to disease","volume":"142","author":"Brieger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med. Wkly."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.2.175","article-title":"Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings","volume":"7","author":"Guerin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"287","article-title":"First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid","volume":"54","author":"Ighodaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0391-5","article-title":"A novel and compact review on the role of oxidative stress in female reproduction","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2017.05.005","article-title":"Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body","volume":"63","author":"Witkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.006","article-title":"Glutathione: Overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis","volume":"30","author":"Forman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5020525","article-title":"Reduced glutathione: A radioprotector or a modulator of DNA-repair activity?","volume":"5","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2010.10.016","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Burton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646354","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/646354","article-title":"Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging","volume":"2012","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Signal Transduct."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S158513","article-title":"Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases","volume":"13","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1316","article-title":"Usefulness of intraovarian artery pulsatility and resistance indices measurement on the day of follicle aspiration for the assessment of oocyte quality","volume":"85","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-43","article-title":"Fundamental roles of reactive oxygen species and protective mechanisms in the female reproductive system","volume":"3","author":"Fujii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.93430","article-title":"Chromosomal abnormalities & oxidative stress in women with premature ovarian failure (POF)","volume":"135","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002656","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"131","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12110","article-title":"Increased prolidase activity and oxidative stress in PCOS","volume":"79","author":"Hilali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371714","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4371714","article-title":"The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Ovaries","volume":"2017","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"502","article-title":"Physiological action of progesterone in target tissues","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.08.004","article-title":"Roles of antioxidant enzymes in corpus luteum rescue from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Garrel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)01397-5","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase activity in mitochondria","volume":"418","author":"Ghafourifar","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., Aziz, N., and Rizk, B. (2013). Studies on Women\u2019s Health, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-041-0"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01670-3","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis","volume":"75","author":"Ota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"1","article-title":"A brief overview of preeclampsia","volume":"6","author":"Tabassum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.11.003","article-title":"Placental endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of unexplained intrauterine growth restriction and early onset preeclampsia","volume":"30","author":"Burton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)62151-7","article-title":"Role of free radicals in female reproductive diseases and assisted reproduction","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04948-8","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction","volume":"79","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90126-F","article-title":"Increased generation of reactive oxygen species in embryos cultured in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Goto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010320","article-title":"Protection against heat stress-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis involves calcium, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid","volume":"128","author":"Larkindale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.077","article-title":"A prospective, randomized trial on the effect of atmospheric versus reduced oxygen concentration on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles","volume":"94","author":"Kovacic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.02.088","article-title":"Oxidative stress in an assisted reproductive techniques setting","volume":"86","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2014.15.4.519","article-title":"Enhancing effects of serum-rich and cytokine-supplemented culture conditions on developing blastocysts and deriving porcine parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2017.44.3.119","article-title":"Addition of interleukin-6 to mouse embryo culture increases blastocyst cell number and influences the inner cell mass to trophectoderm ratio","volume":"44","author":"Kelley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-017-0025-2","article-title":"Common medium versus advanced IVF medium for cryopreserved oocytes in heterologous cycles","volume":"4","author":"Poverini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijvsm.2017.12.001","article-title":"Cytokines, growth factors and macromolecules as mediators of implantation in mammalian species","volume":"6","author":"Raheem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-010-9430-7","article-title":"Effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and in vitro development of preimplantation sheep embryos to the blastocyst stage","volume":"27","author":"Natarajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.11.067","article-title":"L-carnitine decreases DNA damage and improves the in vitro blastocyst development rate in mouse embryos","volume":"91","author":"Abdelrazik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.10.008","article-title":"L-ergothioneine supplementation during culture improves quality of bovine in vitro-produced embryos","volume":"85","author":"Zullo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75442-6","article-title":"N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine enhances in vitro pig embryo production and reduces oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Cambra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00982.x","article-title":"Effect of taurine and melatonin in the culture medium on buffalo in vitro embryo development","volume":"44","author":"Manjunatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.10.042","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase and taurine supplementation improves in vitro blastocyst yield from poor-quality feline oocytes","volume":"85","author":"Ochota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04236-X","article-title":"Vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation reduce oxidative stress-induced embryo toxicity and improve the blastocyst development rate","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e318197a6a5","article-title":"Introduction to stem cell therapy","volume":"24","author":"Biehl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.50","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: A new trend for cell therapy","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00191","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150025","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells-current trends and future prospective","volume":"35","author":"Ullah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240500319234","article-title":"Clarification of the nomenclature for MSC: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"7","author":"Horwitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-019-0083-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell perspective: Cell biology to clinical progress","volume":"4","author":"Pittenger","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199812000-00004","article-title":"The chondrogenic potential of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells","volume":"80","author":"Yoo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/000313489906500106","article-title":"Cells isolated from adult human skeletal muscle capable of differentiating into multiple mesodermal phenotypes","volume":"65","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.01986.x","article-title":"Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood","volume":"109","author":"Erices","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240309797","article-title":"Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo","volume":"97","author":"Gronthos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1186\/ar130","article-title":"Mesenchymal precursor cells in the blood of normal individuals","volume":"2","author":"Zvaifler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane","volume":"44","author":"Tylzanowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/107632701300062859","article-title":"Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: Implications for cell-based therapies","volume":"7","author":"Zuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1291","article-title":"Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation","volume":"102","author":"Scherjon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20269","article-title":"Identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage","volume":"50","author":"Alsalameh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0058","article-title":"Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta","volume":"22","author":"Scherjon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3727\/000000005783983070","article-title":"Characterization and neural differentiation of fetal lung mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2005.00346.x","article-title":"Production of stem cells with embryonic characteristics from human umbilical cord blood","volume":"38","author":"McGuckin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alviano, F., Fossati, V., Marchionni, C., Arpinati, M., Bonsi, L., Franchina, M., Lanzoni, G., Cantoni, S., Cavallini, C., and Bianchi, F. (2007). Term Amniotic membrane is a high throughput source for multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro. BMC Dev. Biol., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-11"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0914-1","article-title":"Adipose-derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: A donor-matched comparison","volume":"9","author":"Fristad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0716-x","article-title":"Tissue source determines the differentiation potentials of mesenchymal stem cells: A comparative study of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, D.T., Nguyen Thi Phuong, T., Tien, N.L.B., Tran, D.K., Minh, L.B., Thanh, V.V., Gia Anh, P., Pham, V.H., and Thi Nga, V. (2019). Adipose Tissue Stem Cells for Therapy: An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070917"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108765","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells: Sources, potency, and implications for regenerative therapies","volume":"114","author":"Si","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1517\/14712590903039684","article-title":"The wound-healing and antioxidant effects of adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.08.004","article-title":"Evidence supporting antioxidant action of adipose-derived stem cells: Protection of human dermal fibroblasts from oxidative stress","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182a806ce","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cells exhibit antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties to rescue ischemic acute kidney injury in rats","volume":"132","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-015-0236-5","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously injected adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with acute spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CR0070034","article-title":"The potential of amniotic membrane\/amnion-derived cells for regeneration of various tissues","volume":"105","author":"Toda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2014.47.3.289","article-title":"The potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid for neuronal regenerative therapy","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-0774.2007.00032.x","article-title":"Differentiation of mesenchymal cells derived from human amniotic membranes into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Tamagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2010.0093","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells efficiently manage oxidative stress","volume":"19","author":"Conget","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.807180","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative stress and synapse damage induced by amyloid-beta oligomers","volume":"293","author":"Saraiva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.613927","article-title":"Original article anti-oxidant pathways are stimulated by mesenchymal stromal cells in renal repair after ischemic injury","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00661","article-title":"Paracrine Anti-inflammatory Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Monocytes","volume":"9","author":"Guillen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1190-4","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells improve rat islet functionality under cytokine stress with combined upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin","volume":"10","author":"Laporte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0446","article-title":"The emerging antioxidant paradigm of mesenchymal stem cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Stavely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-1206","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate aging in vitro and in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13975","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13975","article-title":"Anti-aging Effect of Transplanted Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Premature Aging Model of Bmi-1 Deficiency","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Dong, Z., Peng, Z., and Lu, F. (2014). Anti-aging effect of adipose-derived stem cells in a mouse model of skin aging induced by D-galactose. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097573"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1490-8","article-title":"Fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells restore ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting MT1","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01784-7","article-title":"hUMSC transplantation restores ovarian function in POI rats by inhibiting autophagy of theca-interstitial cells via the AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seok, J., Park, H., Choi, J.H., Lim, J.Y., Kim, K.G., and Kim, G.J. (2020). Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restore the Ovary Function in an Ovariectomized Rat Model via an Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070591"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3016","article-title":"Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost","volume":"37","author":"Andrzejewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-013-0010-7","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome and microvesicles as a cell-free therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Wang, W., Li, L., Peng, Y., Chen, P., Huang, H., Guo, Y., Xia, X., Wang, Y., and Wang, H. (2013). The relative contribution of paracine effect versus direct differentiation on adipose-derived stem cell transplantation mediated cardiac repair. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059020"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.185","article-title":"CD133 identifies a human bone marrow stem\/progenitor cell sub-population with a repertoire of secreted factors that protect against stroke","volume":"17","author":"Bakondi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantinieaux, D., Quertainmont, R., Blacher, S., Rossi, L., Wanet, T., Noel, A., Brook, G., Schoenen, J., and Franzen, R. (2013). Conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves recovery after spinal cord injury in rats: An original strategy to avoid cell transplantation. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069515"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120226","article-title":"Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of the secretome from cultured human mesenchymal stem cells in experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"124","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v4.i5.35","article-title":"Cell-free derivatives from mesenchymal stem cells are effective in wound therapy","volume":"4","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.02.009","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium reduces liver injury and enhances regeneration in reduced-size rat liver transplantation","volume":"183","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Koppen, A., Joles, J.A., van Balkom, B.W., Lim, S.K., de Kleijn, D., Giles, R.H., and Verhaar, M.C. (2012). Human embryonic mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium rescues kidney function in rats with established chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038746"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.11.074","article-title":"Novel application of stem cell-derived factors for periodontal regeneration","volume":"430","author":"Inukai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.11.009","article-title":"Secretomes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhance periodontal tissue regeneration","volume":"17","author":"Kawai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0325","article-title":"Conditioned media from mesenchymal stem cells enhanced bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defects","volume":"18","author":"Osugi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26291","article-title":"The use of cell conditioned medium for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration","volume":"233","author":"Veronesi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654210","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.654210","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Conditioned Medium for Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.174","article-title":"Application of rat cryptorchidism model for the evaluation of mesenchymal stromal cell secretome regenerative potential","volume":"109","author":"Sagaradze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"249","article-title":"Hair regeneration using adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18144-w","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Reduces Disease Severity and Immune Responses in Inflammatory Arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Kay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12759","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned media in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: Clinical, ophthalmological and radiological assessments of safety and efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Dahbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ra, K., Oh, H.J., Kim, G.A., Kang, S.K., Ra, J.C., and Lee, B.C. (2020). High Frequency of Intravenous Injection of Human Adipose Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Improved Embryo Development of Mice in Advanced Maternal Age through Antioxidant Effects. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10060978"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ra, K., Oh, H.J., Kim, E.Y., Kang, S.K., Ra, J.C., Kim, E.H., and Lee, B.C. (2020). Anti-Oxidative Effects of Human Adipose Stem Cell Conditioned Medium with Different Basal Medium during Mouse Embryo In Vitro Culture. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081414"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ra, K., Oh, H.J., Kim, E.Y., Kang, S.K., Ra, J.C., Kim, E.H., Park, S.C., and Lee, B.C. (2021). Comparison of Anti-Oxidative Effect of Human Adipose- and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Mouse Preimplantation Embryo Development. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020268"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbari, H., Eftekhar Vaghefi, S.H., Shahedi, A., Habibzadeh, V., Mirshekari, T.R., Ganjizadegan, A., Mollaei, H., Ahmadi, M., and Nematollahi-Mahani, S.N. (2017). Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Modulates Apoptotic and Stress-Related Gene Expression, Ameliorates Maturation and Allows for the Development of Immature Human Oocytes after Artificial Activation. Genes, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8120371"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjz105","article-title":"Protective effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium on ovarian damage","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11948","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2022e11948","article-title":"In vitro maturation medium supplementation: Utilization of repaglinide, L-carnitine, and mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium to improve developmental competence of oocytes derived from endometriosis mouse models","volume":"55","author":"Kalehoei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, A., Oh, H.J., Ji, K., Choi, E.M., Kim, D., Kim, E., and Kim, M.K. (2022). Effect of Passage Number of Conditioned Medium Collected from Equine Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Porcine Oocyte Maturation and Embryo Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126569"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S., Lee, J., Kwon, Y., Park, K.S., Jeong, J.H., Choi, S.J., Bang, S.I., Chang, J.W., and Lee, C. (2021). Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome from Adipose, Bone Marrow, Placenta and Wharton\u2019s Jelly. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020845"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1089\/cell.2021.0043","article-title":"Comparison of the Cytokine Profile in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose, Umbilical Cord, and Placental Tissues","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Reprogram."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-11-1","article-title":"A comparison of adipose and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell secreted factors in the treatment of systemic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Elman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109389","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/109389","article-title":"Conditioned media from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells efficiently induced the apoptosis and differentiation in human glioma cell lines in vitro","volume":"2014","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-020-00501-1","article-title":"Secretome studies of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from three tissue sources reveal subtle differences in potency","volume":"56","author":"Konala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vitr. Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-019-0070-y","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human mesenchymal stromal cell secretomes: A systematic comparison of the angiogenic potential","volume":"4","author":"Kehl","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61167-z","article-title":"A Comparative Analysis of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from Different Sources, with a Focus on Neuroregenerative Potential","volume":"10","author":"Petrenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7315830","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7315830","article-title":"The Comparison of Adipose Stem Cell and Placental Stem Cell in Secretion Characteristics and in Facial Antiaging","volume":"2016","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shologu, N., Scully, M., Laffey, J.G., and O\u2019Toole, D. (2018). Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome from Bone Marrow or Adipose-Derived Tissue Sources for Treatment of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102996"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23063","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of human adipose stem cell-conditioned medium on stroke","volume":"90","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.301","article-title":"Efficacious and clinically relevant conditioned medium of human adipose-derived stem cells for therapeutic angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Bhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagaradze, G., Grigorieva, O., Nimiritsky, P., Basalova, N., Kalinina, N., Akopyan, Z., and Efimenko, A. (2019). Conditioned Medium from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Towards the Clinical Translation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071656"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00661-x","article-title":"Investigating the route of administration and efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium in type 1 diabetic mice","volume":"28","author":"Hashemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/5\/5053\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:08Z","timestamp":1760122148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/5\/5053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":189,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24055053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24055053","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}