{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:44:20Z","timestamp":1779223460632,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A)","award":["15205050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15205050"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda de Colombia (FIDIC)","award":["15205050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15205050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine babesiosis is caused by the Apicomplexa parasites from the genus Babesia. It is one of the most important tick-borne veterinary diseases worldwide; Babesia bovis being the species associated with the most severe clinical signs of the disease and causing the greatest economic losses. Many limitations related to chemoprophylaxis and the acaricides control of transmitting vectors have led to the adoption of live attenuated vaccine immunisation against B. bovis as an alternative control strategy. However, whilst this strategy has been effective, several drawbacks related to its production have prompted research into alternative methodologies for producing vaccines. Classical approaches for developing anti-B. bovis vaccines are thus discussed in this review and are compared to a recent functional approach to highlight the latter\u2019s advantages when designing an effective synthetic vaccine targeting this parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T02:33:16Z","timestamp":1678329196000},"page":"5219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Developing Anti-Babesia bovis Blood Stage Vaccines: A New Perspective Regarding Synthetic Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cuy-Chaparro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Programme in Biotechnology, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Programme in Biotechnology, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Structure Analysis Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Vanessa","family":"D\u00edaz-Guiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darwin Andr\u00e9s","family":"Moreno-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-2500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Alfonso","family":"Patarroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto de Inmunolog\u00eda de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogot\u00e1 DC 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.10.005","article-title":"Phylogeny and evolution of apicoplasts and apicomplexan parasites","volume":"64","author":"Arisue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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