{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:43:00Z","timestamp":1779345780079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-01645-22-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-01645-22-06"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["720000F.99.1.B385AV67000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["720000F.99.1.B385AV67000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The adrenal glands are important endocrine organs that play a major role in the stress response. Some adrenal glands abnormalities are treated with hormone replacement therapy, which does not address physiological requirements. Modern technologies make it possible to develop gene therapy drugs that can completely cure diseases caused by mutations in specific genes. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an example of such a potentially treatable monogenic disease. CAH is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with an overall incidence of 1:9500\u20131:20,000 newborns. To date, there are several promising drugs for CAH gene therapy. At the same time, it remains unclear how new approaches can be tested, as there are no models for this disease. The present review focuses on modern models for inherited adrenal gland insufficiency and their detailed characterization. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various pathological models are discussed, and ways of further development are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T05:36:21Z","timestamp":1678685781000},"page":"5365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Models of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia for Gene Therapies Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7199-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Glazova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asya","family":"Bastrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Deviatkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Onyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Kaziakhmedova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liudmila","family":"Shevkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0768-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawar","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9124-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria V.","family":"Vorontsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9794-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Volchkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Editing Laboratory, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111043","article-title":"Stem cell function and plasticity in the normal physiology of the adrenal cortex","volume":"519","author":"Hammer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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