{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T10:59:10Z","timestamp":1768647550944,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research (MUR)","award":["2020833Y75"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020833Y75"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research (MUR)","award":["DYNAMO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DYNAMO"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for University and Research (MUR)","award":["PRIDseed 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIDseed 2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020833Y75"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020833Y75"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DYNAMO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DYNAMO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIDseed 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIDseed 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the large field of bioactive peptides, peptaibols represent a unique class of compounds. They are membrane-active peptides, produced by fungi of the genus Trichoderma and known to elicit plant defenses. Among the short-length peptaibols, trichogin GA IV is nonhemolytic, proteolysis-resistant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic. Several trichogin analogs are endowed with potent activity against phytopathogens, thus representing a sustainable alternative to copper for plant protection. In this work, we tested the activity of trichogin analogs against a breast cancer cell line and a normal cell line of the same derivation. Lys-containing trichogins showed an IC50 below 12 \u00b5M, a peptide concentration not significantly affecting the viability of normal cells. Two analogs were found to be membrane-active but noncytotoxic. They were anchored to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and further investigated for their ability to act as targeting agents. GNP uptake by cancer cells increased with peptide decoration, while it decreased in the corresponding normal epithelial cells. This work highlights the promising biological properties of peptaibol analogs in the field of cancer therapy either as cytotoxic molecules or as active targeting agents in drug delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:14:58Z","timestamp":1678774498000},"page":"5537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anticancer and Targeting Activity of Phytopharmaceutical Structural Analogs of a Natural Peptide from Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Related Peptide-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Moret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2774-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Menilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Di Cintio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Dalla Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-7005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Amendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"De Zotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-1056-3","article-title":"Precision Medicine by Designer Interference Peptides: Applications in Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics","volume":"39","author":"Sorolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Musaimi, O., Al Shaer, D., de la Torre, B.G., and Albericio, F. (2018). 2017 FDA Peptide Harvest. Pharmaceuticals, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201804.0126.v1"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"309","article-title":"Trends in peptide drug discovery","volume":"20","author":"Muttenthaler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krentz, A., Weyer, C., and Hompesch, M. (2019). Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11748-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101090","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor co-agonists for treating metabolic disease","volume":"46","author":"Baggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.06.052","article-title":"Therapeutic Peptides: Historical Perspectives, Current Development Trends, and Future Directions","volume":"26","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1098","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Pore formers or metabolic inhibitors in bacteria?","volume":"3","author":"Brogden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14414","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201807298","article-title":"Orally Active Peptides: Is There a Magic Bullet?","volume":"57","author":"Reichart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201200427","article-title":"The comprehensive peptaibiotics database","volume":"10","author":"Stoppacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"65","article-title":"The peptaibol antibiotics from Trichoderma soil fungi: Structural diversity and membrane properties","volume":"3","author":"Rebuffat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Recent Res. Devel. Org. Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Toniolo, C., and Br\u00fcckner, H. (2009). Peptaibiotics: Fungal Peptidescontaining \u03b1-Dialkyl \u03b1-Amino Acids, Wiley-VCD."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202000834","article-title":"Insight into the Mechanism of Action and Peptide-Membrane Interactions of Aib-Rich Peptides: Multitechnique Experimental and Theoretical Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Lizio","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.52.2005.2.2","article-title":"Peptaibols and related peptaibiotics of Trichoderma. A review","volume":"52","author":"Szekeres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000932","article-title":"Lipopeptaibols, a novel family of membrane active, antimicrobial peptides","volume":"58","author":"Toniolo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-022-00517-7","article-title":"Halovirs I\u2013K, antibacterial and cytotoxic lipopeptaibols from the plant pathogenic fungus Paramyrothecium roridum NRRL 2183","volume":"75","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00032a035","article-title":"Trichogin A IV, an 11-residue lipopeptaibol from Trichoderma longibrachiatum","volume":"114","author":"Rebuffat","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.500","article-title":"Trichogin: A paradigm for lipopeptaibols","volume":"9","author":"Peggion","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01434","article-title":"Structural diversity and bioactivities of peptaibol compounds from the Longibrachiatum clade of the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma","volume":"10","author":"Marik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b06503","article-title":"Application of Trichoderma Strains and Metabolites Enhances Soybean Productivity and Nutrient Content","volume":"67","author":"Marra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamandegani, P.R., Marik, T., Zafari, D., Bal\u00e1zs, D., V\u00e1gv\u00f6lgyi, C., Szekeres, A., and Kredics, L. (2020). Changes in peptaibol production of Trichoderma species during in vitro antagonistic interactions with fungal plant pathogens. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050730"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Zotti, M., Sella, L., Bolzonello, A., Gabbatore, L., Peggion, C., Bortolotto, A., Elmaghraby, I., Tundo, S., and Favaron, F. (2020). Targeted Amino Acid Substitutions in a Trichoderma Peptaibol Confer Activity against Fungal Plant Pathogens and Protect Host Tissues from Botrytis Cinerea Infection. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207521"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753202","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.753202","article-title":"Transcriptomic and Ultrastructural Analyses of Pyricularia oryzae Treated with Fungicidal Peptaibol Analogs of Trichoderma Trichogin","volume":"12","author":"Sella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caracciolo, R., Sella, L., De Zotti, M., Bolzonello, A., Armellin, M., Trainotti, L., Favaron, F., and Tundo, S. (2023). Efficacy of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Trichogin GA IV Peptaibol analogs against the Black Rot Pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and other Phytopathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020480"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.881961","article-title":"Water-Soluble Trichogin GA IV-Derived Peptaibols Protect Tomato Plants from Botrytis cinerea Infection with Limited Impact on Plant Defenses","volume":"13","author":"Baccelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolzonello, A., Morbiato, L., Tundo, S., Sella, L., Baccelli, I., Echeverrigaray, S., Musetti, R., De Zotti, M., and Favaron, F. (Plant Dis., 2023). Peptide analogs of a Trichoderma peptaibol effectively control downy mildew in the vineyard, Plant Dis., Advance online publication.","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-22-2064-RE"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1039\/C1OB06178J","article-title":"Trichogin GA IV: A Versatile Template for the Synthesis of Novel Peptaibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Biondi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-012-1261-7","article-title":"Antimicrobial lipopeptaibol trichogin GA IV: Role of the three Aib residues on conformation and bioactivity","volume":"43","author":"Biondi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casagrande, N., Borghese, C., Gabbatore, L., Morbiato, L., De Zotti, M., and Aldinucci, D. (2021). Analogs of a Natural Peptaibol Exert Anticancer Activity in Both Cisplatin- and Doxorubicin-Resistant Cells and in Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168362"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24000","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24000","article-title":"The Rational Search for Selective Anticancer Derivatives of the Peptide Trichogin GA IV: A Multi-Technique Biophysical Approach","volume":"6","author":"Dalzini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2014.10.005","article-title":"The peculiar N- and C-termini of trichogin GA IV are needed for membrane interaction and human cell death induction at doses lacking antibiotic activity","volume":"1848","author":"Tavano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-020-01296-5","article-title":"Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress","volume":"22","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836417","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2022.836417","article-title":"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"9","author":"Almansour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00565-2","article-title":"Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer\u2014Expanded options, evolving needs","volume":"19","author":"Bianchini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Siddharth, S., and Sharma, D. (2021). Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Mountain Yet to Be Scaled Despite the Triumphs. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153697"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828810","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.828810","article-title":"Nanomaterial Technology and Triple Negative Breast Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, K., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Liu, Q., Zhang, C., Li, P., Zhang, J., and Chen, J. (2021). Targeting Engineered Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111829"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.02.025","article-title":"Current approaches of nanomedicines in the market and various stage of clinical translation","volume":"12","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0090-8","article-title":"Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5083811","article-title":"A system for the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid that is remotely controlled with PC or smartphone","volume":"90","author":"Crivellaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19830","DOI":"10.1021\/jp905962f","article-title":"Conjugation Efficiency of Laser-Based Bioconjugation of Gold Nanoparticles with Nucleic Acids","volume":"113","author":"Petersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2012.09.064","article-title":"Comparison of in situ and ex situ bioconjugation of Au nanoparticles generated by laser ablation","volume":"264","author":"Mutisya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1039\/b709621f","article-title":"Controlled size manipulation of free gold nanoparticles by laser irradiation and their facile bioconjugation","volume":"17","author":"Amendola","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112591","article-title":"Wide range detection of C-Reactive protein with a homogeneous immunofluorimetric assay based on cooperative fluorescence quenching assisted by gold nanoparticles","volume":"169","author":"Bravin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00468","article-title":"Laser Synthesis and Processing of Colloids: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9394","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200900614","article-title":"Oxyma: An Efficient Additive for Peptide Synthesis to Replace the Benzotriazole-Based HOBt and HOAt with a Lower Risk of Explosion","volume":"15","author":"Prohens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC03982A","article-title":"Greening Fmoc\/TBu Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis","volume":"22","author":"Musaimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5990","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC02775K","article-title":"ReGreen SPPS: Enabling circular chemistry in environmentally sensible solid-phase peptide synthesis","volume":"21","author":"Pawlas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00321","article-title":"Current scenario of peptide-based drugs: The key roles of cationic antitumor and antiviral peptides","volume":"4","author":"Mulder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0491-1","article-title":"Effective Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells from an S180-Bearing Mouse Model Using Electrically Charged Magnetic Nanoparticles","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-020-09846-4","article-title":"Lipid Composition of the Cancer Cell Membrane","volume":"52","author":"Szlasa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201903965","article-title":"Functionalized Resins for the Synthesis of Peptide Alcohols","volume":"26","author":"Koh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.201900749","article-title":"Methods and Approaches for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Alcohols","volume":"85","author":"Koh","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31030","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31030","article-title":"Tuning the anticancer activity of a novel pro-apoptotic peptide using gold nanoparticle platforms","volume":"6","author":"Akrami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8082425","article-title":"Size Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles by UV\u2212vis Spectroscopy","volume":"113","author":"Amendola","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c03380","article-title":"Plasmonic Absorption in Antigen-Induced Aggregated Gold Nanoparticles: Toward a Figure of Merit for Optical Nanosensors","volume":"5","author":"Bravin","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasman, G.D. (1996). Circular Dichroism and the Conformational Analysis of Biomolecules, Plenum Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2508-7"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Kastin, A.J. (2006). Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200890113","article-title":"Conformational effects on the electron-transfer efficiency in peptide foldamers based on alpha,alpha-disubstituted glycyl residues","volume":"5","author":"Gatto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13176","DOI":"10.1021\/ja106118w","article-title":"Oligo(4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid): An unusual basic oligopeptide with an acid-induced helical conformation","volume":"132","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb1294-908","article-title":"Structure determination of racemic trichogin A IV using centrosymmetric crystals","volume":"1","author":"Toniolo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1021\/ja954081o","article-title":"Effect of N\u03b1-acyl chain length on the membrane modifying properties of synthetic analogs of the lipopeptaibol trichogin GA IV","volume":"118","author":"Toniolo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9537383","article-title":"Circular Dichroism Spectrum of a Peptide 310-Helix","volume":"118","author":"Toniolo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04293","article-title":"Circular Dichroism studies on the interactions of antimicrobial peptides with bacterial cells","volume":"4","author":"Avitabile","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.1135","article-title":"Trichogin GA IV: An antibacterial and protease-resistant peptide","volume":"15","author":"Biondi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.360310511","article-title":"Theoretical CD studies of polypeptide helices: Examination of important electronic and geometric factors","volume":"31","author":"Manning","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(89)90504-X","article-title":"Interaction of trichorzianines A and B with model membranes and with the amoeba","volume":"978","author":"Rebuffat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dictyostelium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.06.031","article-title":"Erythrocyte membrane model with explicit description of the lipid bilayer and the spectrin network","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2015.12.006","article-title":"Comparison of Bactericidal and Cytotoxic Activities of Trichogin Analogs","volume":"6","author":"Tavano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.23","article-title":"Understanding and overcoming major barriers in cancer nanomedicine","volume":"5","author":"Nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tornesello, A.L., Borrelli, A., Buonaguro, L., Buonaguro, F.M., and Tornesello, M.L. (2020). Antimicrobial Peptides as Anticancer Agents: Functional Properties and Biological Activities. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122850"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46635","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16743","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides with selective antitumor mechanisms: Prospect for anticancer applications","volume":"8","author":"Deslouches","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.67.2269","article-title":"Effect of \u03b1,\u03b1-dialkyl amino acids on the protease resistance of peptides","volume":"67","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200600546","article-title":"Exploration of backbone space in foldamers containing \u03b1- and \u03b2-amino acid residues: Developing protease-resistant oligomers that bind tightly to the BH3-recognition cleft of Bcl-xL","volume":"8","author":"Sadowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohtar, N., Parumasivam, T., Gazzali, A.M., Tan, C.S., Tan, M.L., Othman, R., Fazalul Rahiman, S.S., and Wahab, H.A. (2021). Advanced Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems and Their Cellular Evaluation for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143539"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, D., Gao, W., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Xiao, L., and Xiao, Y. (2022). Current Development of Nano-Drug Delivery to Target Macrophages. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051203"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1021\/nn8008273","article-title":"Homogeneous conjugation of peptides onto gold nanoparticles enhances macrophage response","volume":"3","author":"Pujals","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-22536-4_22","article-title":"Sonodynamic Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application to Cancer Treatment","volume":"880","author":"McHale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5537\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:54:38Z","timestamp":1760122478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24065537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065537","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}}}