{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:08:48Z","timestamp":1782443328091,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the value of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR to screen for \u201chigh-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion and anal cancer\u201d (HSIL-plus), rate of patients with low-grade anal squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) progressing to HSIL-plus, and progression-related factors. Prospective, longitudinal study of consecutive MSM-LHIV attended between May 2010 and December 2021 and followed for 43 months (IQR: 12\u201376). HIV-related variables were gathered at baseline, performing anal cytology for HPV detection\/genotyping, thin-layer cytological study, and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). Follow-up was annual when HRA was normal or LSIL, and post-treatment in cases of HSIL-plus, re-evaluating sexual behavior, viral-immunological status, and HPV infection of anal mucosa. The 493 participants had mean age of 36 years: CD4 nadir &lt; 200 cells\/uL in 23.1%, virological failure in 4.1%, and tetravalent HPV vaccine &gt; 5 years earlier in 15%. HSIL-plus was ruled out in patients with monoinfection by low-risk HPV genotype and normal cytology (100% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, PPV 2.9%, and NPV 100%). Progression from LISL to HSIL-plus occurred in 4.27% of patients within 12 months (IQR: 12\u201312): risk factors were acquisition of high-risk (HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.14\u201315.03) and low-risk (HR: 3.68 95% CI: 1.04\u201312.94) HPV genotypes, specifically genotype 6 (HR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.34\u201314.91), and history of AIDS (HR: 5.81 95% CI: 1.78\u201318.92). Monoinfection by LR-HPV genotypes in patients with normal cytology is not associated with anal cancer or precursor lesions. Progression from LSIL to HSIL-plus, observed in &lt;5% of patients, was related to acquisition of HR and LR HPV genotypes, especially 6, and a history of AIDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T03:50:45Z","timestamp":1678938645000},"page":"5642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of Low-Risk HPV PCR Monoinfection in Screening for HSIL and Anal Cancer in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Carmen Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Calle-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ronquillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Omar-Mohamed Balgahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Complejo Hospitalario de Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6394-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Hidalgo-Tenorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitario de Granada (IBS-Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Infecciones genitales por el virus del papiloma humano","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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