{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:19:26Z","timestamp":1792037966494,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","award":["RF_65027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF_65027"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand","award":["RF_65027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF_65027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scaled vesicles released from all cell types into extracellular fluids and specifically contain signature molecules of the original cells and tissues, including the placenta. Placenta-derived EVs can be detected in maternal circulation at as early as six weeks of gestation, and their release can be triggered by the oxygen level and glucose concentration. Placental-associated complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes have alterations in placenta-derived EVs in maternal plasma, and this can be used as a liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of such pregnancy complications. Alpha-thalassemia major (\u201chomozygous alpha-thalassemia-1\u201d) or hemoglobin Bart\u2019s disease is the most severe form of thalassemia disease, and this condition is lethal for the fetus. Women with Bart\u2019s hydrops fetalis demonstrate signs of placental hypoxia and placentomegaly, thereby placenta-derived EVs provide an opportunity for a non-invasive liquid biopsy of this lethal condition. In this article, we introduced clinical features and current diagnostic markers of Bart\u2019s hydrops fetalis, extensively summarize the characteristics and biology of placenta-derived EVs, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of placenta-derived EVs as part of diagnostic tests for placental complications focusing on Bart\u2019s hydrop fetalis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T03:50:45Z","timestamp":1678938645000},"page":"5658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy Complications and Prospects on a Liquid Biopsy for Hemoglobin Bart\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Piya","family":"Chaemsaithong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchaya","family":"Luewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9336-5951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mana","family":"Taweevisit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wararat","family":"Chiangjong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisut","family":"Pongchaikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand"},{"name":"Integrative Computational BioScience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Scott","family":"Thorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3389-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theera","family":"Tongsong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somchai","family":"Chutipongtanate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/321744a0","article-title":"High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of natural selection by malaria","volume":"321","author":"Flint","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Prevalence of thalassemia in pregnant women at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital","volume":"87","author":"Wanapirak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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