{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1787028505605,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bariatric surgery reduces body weight, enhances metabolic and diabetic control, and improves outcomes on obesity-related comorbidities. However, the mechanisms mediating this protection against cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. We investigated the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on vascular protection in response to shear stress-induced atherosclerosis using an overweighted and carotid artery ligation mouse model. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice (C57BL\/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for two weeks to induce weight gain and dysmetabolism. SG was performed in HFD-fed mice. Two weeks after the SG procedure, partial carotid-artery ligation was performed to promote disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis. Compared with the control mice, HFD-fed wild-type mice exhibited increased body weight, total cholesterol level, hemoglobin A1c, and enhanced insulin resistance; SG significantly reversed these adverse effects. As expected, HFD-fed mice exhibited greater neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic plaques than the control group, and the SG procedure attenuated HFD-promoted ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia and arterial elastin fragmentation. Besides, HFD promoted ligation-induced macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. SG significantly reduced the above-mentioned effects. Moreover, HFD restriction partially reversed the intimal hyperplasia caused by carotid artery ligation; however, this protective effect was significantly lower than that observed in SG-operated mice. Our study demonstrated that HFD deteriorates shear stress-induced atherosclerosis and SG mitigates vascular remodeling, and this protective effect was not comparable in HFD restriction group. These findings provide a rationale for using bariatric surgery to counter atherosclerosis in morbid obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T03:50:45Z","timestamp":1678938645000},"page":"5669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Offers Protection against Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jih-Hua","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9787-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Lin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shen-Chih","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruey-Hsing","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shing-Jong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","article-title":"The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Saklayen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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