{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:06:02Z","timestamp":1777082762911,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy. For most patients suffering from TLE, the only treatment option is surgery. However, there is a high possibility of relapse. Invasive EEG as a method for predicting the outcome of surgical treatment is a very complex and invasive manipulation, so the search for outcome biomarkers is an urgent task. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers of surgical outcome are the subject of this study. For this study, a systematic search for publications in databases such as PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MDPI was carried out. The following keywords were used: temporal lobe epilepsy, microRNA, biomarkers, surgery, and outcome. Three microRNAs were studied as prognostic biomarkers of surgical outcome: miR-27a-3p, miR-328-3p, and miR-654-3p. According to the results of the study, only miR-654-3p showed a good ability to discriminate between patients with poor and good surgical outcomes. MiR-654-3p is involved in the following biological pathways: ATP-binding cassette drug transporters, glutamate transporter SLC7A11, and TP53. A specific target for miR-654-3p is GLRA2, the glycine receptor subunit. MicroRNAs, which are diagnostic biomarkers of TLE, and epileptogenesis, miR-134-5p, MiR-30a, miRs-143, etc., can be considered as potential biomarkers of surgical outcome, as they can be indicators of early and late relapses. These microRNAs are involved in the processes characteristic of epilepsy: oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study of miRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers of surgical outcome is an urgent task and should be continued. However, when studying miRNA expression profiles, it is important to take into account and note a number of factors, such as the type of sample under study, the time of sampling for the study, the type and duration of the disease, and the type of antiepileptic treatment. Without taking into account all these factors, it is impossible to assess the influence and involvement of miRNAs in epileptic processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T03:33:57Z","timestamp":1679024037000},"page":"5694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Surgical Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alexey M.","family":"Yakimov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena E.","family":"Timechko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina G.","family":"Areshkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Usoltseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina D.","family":"Yakovleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena A.","family":"Kantimirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Utyashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cNational Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov\u201d, 105203 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Ivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution \u201cNational Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov\u201d, 105203 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana V.","family":"Dmitrenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2007.09.004","article-title":"Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Clinical Semiology and Neurophysiological Studies","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.20333\/25000136-2021-4-98-105","article-title":"Convulsive Syndrome: Part 1","volume":"2021","author":"Moskaleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sib. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106373","article-title":"Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs as Predictors of Diagnosis and Surgical Outcome in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"166","author":"Ioriatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Nayak, C.S., and Bandyopadhyay, S. (2021). Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"751510","article-title":"Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Semiology","volume":"2012","author":"Blair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12152","article-title":"Temporal Patterns and Mechanisms of Epilepsy Surgery Failure","volume":"54","author":"Najm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.1.JNS182875","article-title":"Divergent Network Properties That Predict Early Surgical Failure versus Late Recurrence in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"132","author":"Morgan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1481-3","article-title":"Pediatric Functional Hemispherectomy: Outcome in 92 Patients","volume":"154","author":"Schramm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10180","article-title":"Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery Failures: Predictors of Seizure Recurrence, Yield of Reevaluation, and Outcome Following Reoperation","volume":"113","author":"Jehi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219810.71010.9b","article-title":"Predictors of Outcome after Temporal Lobectomy for the Treatment of Intractable Epilepsy","volume":"66","author":"Jeha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.08.015","article-title":"Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Epileptic Phenotype-EEG Association in MECP2 Mutated Rett Syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Buoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000334365.22854.d3","article-title":"Incomplete Resection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Is the Main Predictor of Poor Postsurgical Outcome","volume":"72","author":"Krsek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.05.008","article-title":"Individually Tailored Extratemporal Epilepsy Surgery in Children: Anatomo-Electro-Clinical Features and Outcome Predictors in a Population of 53 Cases","volume":"25","author":"Liava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.128668","article-title":"Invasive Electroencephalography Monitoring: Indications and Presurgical Planning","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70383-0","article-title":"Prediction of Risk of Seizure Recurrence after a Single Seizure and Early Epilepsy: Further Results from the MESS Trial","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Silver Spring (MD), Food and Drug Administration (US), Bethesda (MD), and National Institutes of Health (US) (2023, February 26). BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and Other Tools) Resource, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK326791\/."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a022426","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022426","article-title":"Seizures and Epilepsy: An Overview for Neuroscientists","volume":"5","author":"Stafstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00112-5","article-title":"Advances in the Development of Biomarkers for Epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Vezzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1292-0","article-title":"Epilepsies Associated with Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Cendes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.09.015","article-title":"Preoperative Prediction of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery Outcome","volume":"127","author":"Goldenholz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arma\u00f1anzas, R., Alonso-Nanclares, L., DeFelipe-Oroquieta, J., Kastanauskaite, A., de Sola, R.G., DeFelipe, J., Bielza, C., and Larra\u00f1aga, P. (2013). Machine Learning Approach for the Outcome Prediction of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062819"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"122","article-title":"Advanced [(18)F]FDG and [(11)C]Flumazenil PET Analysis for Individual Outcome Prediction after Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery for Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panina, Y.S., Timechko, E.E., Usoltseva, A.A., Yakovleva, K.D., Kantimirova, E.A., and Dmitrenko, D.V. (2023). Biomarkers of Drug Resistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Adults. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010083"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yakovleva, K.D., Dmitrenko, D.V., Panina, I.S., Usoltseva, A.A., Gazenkampf, K.A., Konovalenko, O.V., Kantimirova, E.A., Novitsky, M.A., Nasyrova, R.F., and Shnayder, N.A. (2022). Expression Profile of MiRs in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020951"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328350a425","article-title":"Lipid-Based Carriers of MicroRNAs and Intercellular Communication","volume":"23","author":"Vickers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13870","article-title":"MicroRNA and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: Whole MiRNome Profiling of Human Hippocampus","volume":"58","author":"Bencurova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0600-12.2013","article-title":"Comprehensive Expression Analyses of Neural Cell-Type-Specific MiRNAs Identify New Determinants of the Specification and Maintenance of Neuronal Phenotypes","volume":"33","author":"Roshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Benedittis, S., Fortunato, F., Cava, C., Gallivanone, F., Iaccino, E., Caligiuri, M.E., Castiglioni, I., Bertoli, G., Manna, I., and Labate, A. (2021). Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers to Predict Drug Resistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020702"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.11.029","article-title":"Changes in Serum MiRNAs Following Generalized Convulsive Seizures in Human Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"481","author":"Surges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5318","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5906","article-title":"Identification of Serum MiRNAs Differentially Expressed in Human Epilepsy at Seizure Onset and Post-Seizure","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11510-8","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Differentially Expressed MiRNAs in Experimental and Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Korotkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00924","article-title":"Epilepsy MiRNA Profile Depends on the Age of Onset in Humans and Rats","volume":"14","author":"Baloun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02969-6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNAs Are Potential Biomarkers of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus","volume":"7","author":"Raoof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10201","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10201","article-title":"Circulating MicroRNAs Are Promising Novel Biomarkers for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.584828","article-title":"Plasma Exosomal MiRNAs Expression Profile in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: Case-Control Study and Analysis of Potential Functions","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.068","article-title":"Dual-Center, Dual-Platform MicroRNA Profiling Identifies Potential Plasma Biomarkers of Adult Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Raoof","year":"2018","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105048","article-title":"Genome-Wide MicroRNA Profiling of Plasma from Three Different Animal Models Identifies Biomarkers of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"144","author":"Brennan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13744","article-title":"Altered MicroRNA Profiles in Plasma Exosomes from Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0992-7","article-title":"Genome-Wide MicroRNA Profiling of Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Identifies Modulators of the Immune Response","volume":"69","author":"Kan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00662-y","article-title":"The MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in HS ILAE Type 1","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.06.029","article-title":"Expression Profiling the MicroRNA Response to Epileptic Preconditioning Identifies MiR-184 as a Modulator of Seizure-Induced Neuronal Death","volume":"237","author":"McKiernan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12839","article-title":"Aberrant Expression of MiR-218 and MiR-204 in Human Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Hippocampal Sclerosis-Convergence on Axonal Guidance","volume":"55","author":"Kaalund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2022.06.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs MiR-629-3p, MiR-1202 and MiR-1225-5p as Potential Diagnostic and Surgery Outcome Biomarkers for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Neto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.11.019","article-title":"Silencing Rno-MiR-155-5p in Rat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model Reduces Pathophysiological Features and Cell Apoptosis by Activating Sestrin-3","volume":"1689","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2834","article-title":"Silencing MicroRNA-134 Produces Neuroprotective and Prolonged Seizure-Suppressive Effects","volume":"18","author":"Engel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avansini, S.H., de Sousa Lima, B.P., Secolin, R., Santos, M.L., Coan, A.C., Vieira, A.S., Torres, F.R., Carvalho, B.S., Alvim, M.K.M., and Morita, M.E. (2017). MicroRNA Hsa-MiR-134 Is a Circulating Biomarker for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173060"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01386-w","article-title":"Expression of MicroRNAs MiR-145, MiR-181c, MiR-199a and MiR-1183 in the Blood and Hippocampus of Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"69","author":"Assirati","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9522","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09522","article-title":"Genome-Wide Circulating MicroRNA Expression Profiling Indicates Biomarkers for Epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305178","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 Triggers MiR-143\/145 Transfer from Smooth Muscle Cells to Endothelial Cells, Thereby Modulating Vessel Stabilization","volume":"116","author":"Climent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.05.005","article-title":"MicroRNA-223 and MiR-143 Are Important Systemic Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Psoriasis","volume":"75","author":"Zibert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.11.003","article-title":"MiR-365 Induces Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Targeting the Adaptor Protein SHC1 and pro-Apoptotic Regulator BAX","volume":"26","author":"Hamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-3172","article-title":"Regulation of RUNX3 Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression in Cutaneous Melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Kitago","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-9-89","article-title":"Clinical Impact of Circulating MiR-133, MiR-1291 and MiR-663b in Plasma of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5891","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-358382","article-title":"Diagnostic MicroRNA Profiling in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)","volume":"118","author":"Ralfkiaer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKiernan, R.C., Jimenez-Mateos, E.M., Bray, I., Engel, T., Brennan, G.P., Sano, T., Michalak, Z., Moran, C., Delanty, N., and Farrell, M. (2012). Reduced Mature MicroRNA Levels in Association with Dicer Loss in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035921"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13268","article-title":"MicroRNA-139-5p Confers Sensitivity to Antiepileptic Drugs in Refractory Epilepsy by Inhibition of MRP1","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.354510","article-title":"MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1465410","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Geronzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grewal, G.K., Kukal, S., Kanojia, N., Saso, L., Kukreti, S., and Kukreti, R. (2017). Effect of Oxidative Stress on ABC Transporters: Contribution to Epilepsy Pharmacoresistance. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030365"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600149","article-title":"Epilepsy and Apoptosis Pathways","volume":"25","author":"Henshall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.020","article-title":"Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"88","author":"Waldbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00046-7","article-title":"Cell Death: Critical Control Points","volume":"116","author":"Danial","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, P., Morris, R., Amaral, D.G., Bliss, T., and O\u2019Keefe, J. (2007). The Hippocampus Book, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195100273.001.0001"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5694\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:56:44Z","timestamp":1760122604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24065694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}}}