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This study aimed to determine the effects of melatonin on AH secretion in porcine ciliary epithelium. The addition of 100 \u00b5M melatonin to both sides of the epithelium significantly increased the short-circuit current (Isc) by ~40%. Stromal administration alone had no effect on the Isc, but aqueous application triggered a 40% increase in Isc, similar to that of bilateral application without additive effect. Pre-treatment with niflumic acid abolished melatonin-induced Isc stimulation. More importantly, melatonin stimulated the fluid secretion across the intact ciliary epithelium by ~80% and elicited a sustained increase (~50\u201360%) in gap junctional permeability between pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) cells and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. The expression of MT3 receptor was found to be &gt;10-fold higher than that of MT1 and MT2 in porcine ciliary epithelium. Aqueous pre-treatment with MT1\/MT2 antagonist luzindole failed to inhibit the melatonin-induced Isc response, while MT3 antagonist prazosin pre-treatment abolished the Isc stimulation. We conclude that melatonin facilitates Cl\u2212 and fluid movement from PE to NPE cells, thereby stimulating AH secretion via NPE-cell MT3 receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"5789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Regulation of Aqueous Humor Secretion by Melatonin in Porcine Ciliary Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ka-Lok","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6876-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sze-Wan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-7062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choi-Ying","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nga-Wai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoi-Lam","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Ho","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7720-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Wai","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Smart Ageing (RISA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2002.tb02384.x","article-title":"The mechanism of aqueous humour formation","volume":"85","author":"To","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. 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