{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:25:16Z","timestamp":1791354316007,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CMRPG3M0131~2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3M0131~2"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["CMRPG3L0151~3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L0151~3"]}]},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-019-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-019-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3M0131~2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3M0131~2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3L0151~3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3L0151~3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-019-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2314-B-182A-019-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to investigate the outcomes and risk factors associated with poor vision (vision less than counting fingers, 2.0 logMAR, Snellen vision 20\/2000) in patients with posterior or combined persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), with or without surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with PFV from January 2008 to April 2021. We included 51 eyes of 44 patients who presented with PFV, of which 38 eyes underwent surgical correction (pars plicata\/plana vitrectomy, with or without lensectomy, and intraocular lens implantation) at the median age of 6.0 months (range: 0.7 to 82.0). The mean follow-up was 68.8 months \u00b1 38.0 months. The axial length change in the eyes undergoing surgery was significantly higher than the eyes without surgery (p = 0.025). Initial anterior chamber collapse and retinal detachment were associated with poor vision (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, 37% of eyes with posterior or combined PFV had vision better than counting fingers. Surgery for eyes with PFV could result in better eye growth. Visual outcomes remained poor and were associated with the level of macular abnormality. Initial anterior chamber collapse and retinal detachment at presentation were the risk factors for poor visual outcomes. Vitrectomy for selected PFV eyes is valuable and associated with a better cosmetic outcome (better eye growth).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"5836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes on Axial Length Elongation in Eyes with Posterior and Combined Persistent Fetal Vasculature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng-Chiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hsiung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene Yu-Chuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4994-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan-Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2744-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yih-Shiou","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous","volume":"59","author":"Reese","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am. 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Strabismus"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000353","article-title":"Visual outcome in early vitrectomy for posterior persistent fetal vasculature associated with traction retinal detachment","volume":"35","author":"Bosjolie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2022.03.09","article-title":"Ocular development in children with unilateral congenital cataract and persistent fetal vasculature","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0981","article-title":"Visual acuities \u201chand motion\u201d and \u201ccounting fingers\u201d can be quantified with the freiburg visual acuity test","volume":"47","author":"Feltgen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5836\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:58:37Z","timestamp":1760122717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/6\/5836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24065836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065836","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]]}}}