{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:20:34Z","timestamp":1773199234979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["no. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Education and Science","award":["no. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 010\/RID\/2018\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the inflamed uterus, the production and secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) and noradrenergic innervation pattern are changed. Receptor-based control of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and secretion by noradrenaline during uterine inflammation is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of \u03b11-, \u03b12- and \u03b2-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline-influenced PG-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2) and microsomal PTGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) protein levels in the inflamed pig endometrium, and in the secretion of PGE2 from this tissue. E. coli suspension (E. coli group) or saline (CON group) was injected into the uterine horns. Eight days later, severe acute endometritis developed in the E. coli group. Endometrial explants were incubated with noradrenaline and\/or \u03b11-, \u03b12- and \u03b2-AR antagonists. In the CON group, noradrenaline did not significantly change PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein expression and increased PGE2 secretion compared to the control values (untreated tissue). In the E. coli group, both enzyme expression and PGE2 release were stimulated by noradrenaline, and these values were higher versus the CON group. The antagonists of \u03b11- and \u03b12-AR isoforms and \u03b2-AR subtypes do not significantly alter the noradrenaline effect on PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein levels in the CON group, compared to noradrenaline action alone. In this group, \u03b11A-, \u03b12B- and \u03b22-AR antagonists partly eliminated noradrenaline-stimulated PGE2 release. Compared to the noradrenaline effect alone, \u03b11A-, \u03b11B-, \u03b12A-, \u03b12B-, \u03b21-, \u03b22- and \u03b23-AR antagonists together with noradrenaline reduced PTGS-2 protein expression in the E. coli group. Such effects were also exerted in this group by \u03b11A-, \u03b11D-, \u03b12A-, \u03b22- and \u03b23-AR antagonists with noradrenaline on mPTGES-1 protein levels. In the E. coli group, the antagonists of all isoforms of \u03b11-ARs and subtypes of \u03b2-ARs as well as \u03b12A-ARs together with noradrenaline decreased PGE2 secretion versus noradrenaline action alone. Summarizing, in the inflamed pig endometrium, \u03b11(A, B)-, \u03b12(A, B)- and \u03b2(1, 2, 3)-ARs mediate the noradrenaline stimulatory effect on PTGE-2 protein expression, while noradrenaline via \u03b11(A, D)-, \u03b12A- and \u03b2(2, 3)-ARs increases mPTGES-1 protein expression and \u03b11(A, B, D)-, \u03b12A- and \u03b2(1, 2, 3)-ARs are involved in PGE2 release. Data suggest that noradrenaline may indirectly affect the processes regulated by PGE2 by influencing its production. Pharmacological modulation of particular AR isoforms\/subtypes can be used to change PGE2 synthesis\/secretion to alleviate inflammation and improve uterine function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"5856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors in Regulating Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis Cascade in Inflamed Endometrium of Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-078 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Ca\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Bulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Witek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-078 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. 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