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Beside the antipathogenic effect, modulation of a host enzyme activity could also have an impact on the immune system. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive study on the influence of elF4A inhibition with natural and synthetic rocaglates on various immune cells. The effect of the rocaglates zotatifin, silvestrol and CR-31-B (\u2212), as well as the nonactive enantiomer CR-31-B (+), on the expression of surface markers, release of cytokines, proliferation, inflammatory mediators and metabolic activity in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MdMs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MdDCs), T cells and B cells was assessed. The inhibition of elF4A reduced the inflammatory potential and energy metabolism of M1 MdMs, whereas in M2 MdMs, drug-specific and less target-specific effects were observed. Rocaglate treatment also reduced the inflammatory potential of activated MdDCs by altering cytokine release. In T cells, the inhibition of elF4A impaired their activation by reducing the proliferation rate, expression of CD25 and cytokine release. The inhibition of elF4A further reduced B-cell proliferation, plasma cell formation and the release of immune globulins. In conclusion, the inhibition of the elF4A RNA helicase with rocaglates suppressed the function of M1 MdMs, MdDCs, T cells and B cells. This suggests that rocaglates, while inhibiting viral replication, may also suppress bystander tissue injury by the host immune system. Thus, dosing of rocaglates would need to be adjusted to prevent excessive immune suppression without reducing their antiviral activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1679286811000},"page":"5872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparing the Effects of Rocaglates on Energy Metabolism and Immune Modulation on Cells of the Human Immune System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Schiffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"Pharmazentrum Frankfurt\/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Henke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ulsh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise A.","family":"Roser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Magari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Guido","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Gr\u00fcnweller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Parnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals ehf, Bjargargata 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01692-5","article-title":"Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir: First Approval","volume":"82","author":"Lamb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WHO Ebola Response Team, Agua-Agum, J., Ariyarajah, A., Aylward, B., Blake, I.M., Brennan, R., Cori, A., Donnelly, C.A., Dorigatti, I., and Dye, C. 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