{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:29:07Z","timestamp":1776108547560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}]},{"name":"Earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}]},{"name":"Master Supervisor Team Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}]},{"name":"Master Supervisor Team Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}]},{"name":"Master Supervisor Team Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of the College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science) of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["32172792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172792"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of the College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science) of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["CARS-44-KXJ7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-44-KXJ7"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of the College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science) of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["2022J01131334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022J01131334"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in gene expression and diverse biological processes, such as immune defense and host\u2013pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of lncRNAs in the response of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) to microsporidian infestation. Based on our previously obtained high-quality transcriptome datasets from the midgut tissues of Apis cerana cerana workers at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) and 10 dpi with Nosema ceranae (AcT7 and AcT10 groups) and the corresponding un-inoculated midgut tissues (AcCK7 and AcCK10 groups), the transcriptome-wide identification and structural characterization of lncRNAs were conducted, and the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs was then analyzed, followed by investigation of the regulatory roles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in host response. Here, 2365, 2322, 2487, and 1986 lncRNAs were, respectively, identified in the AcCK7, AcT7, AcCK7, and AcT10 groups. After removing redundant ones, a total of 3496 A. c. cerana lncRNAs were identified, which shared similar structural characteristics with those discovered in other animals and plants, such as shorter exons and introns than mRNAs. Additionally, 79 and 73 DElncRNAs were screened from the workers\u2019 midguts at 7 dpi and 10 dpi, respectively, indicating the alteration of the overall expression pattern of lncRNAs in host midguts after N. ceranae infestation. These DElncRNAs could, respectively, regulate 87 and 73 upstream and downstream genes, involving a suite of functional terms and pathways, such as metabolic process and Hippo signaling pathway. Additionally, 235 and 209 genes co-expressed with DElncRNAs were found to enrich in 29 and 27 terms, as well as 112 and 123 pathways, such as ABC transporters and the cAMP signaling pathway. Further, it was detected that 79 (73) DElncRNAs in the host midguts at 7 (10) dpi could target 321 (313) DEmiRNAs and further target 3631 (3130) DEmRNAs. TCONS_00024312 and XR_001765805.1 were potential precursors for ame-miR-315 and ame-miR-927, while TCONS_00006120 was the putative precursor for both ame-miR-87-1 and ame-miR-87-2. These results together suggested that DElncRNAs are likely to play regulatory roles in the host response to N. ceranae infestation through the regulation of neighboring genes via a cis-acting effect, modulation of co-expressed mRNAs via trans-acting effect, and control of downstream target genes\u2019 expression via competing endogenous RNA networks. Our findings provide a basis for disclosing the mechanism underlying DElncRNA-mediated host N. ceranae response and a new perspective into the interaction between A. c. cerana and N. ceranae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T03:15:03Z","timestamp":1679368503000},"page":"5886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Zixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuze","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiqiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingding","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dafu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","article-title":"Functional Classification and Experimental Dissection of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"172","author":"Kopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2017.12.010","article-title":"Impact of 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