{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:00:12Z","timestamp":1760148012709,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canc\u00e9rop\u00f4le Est","award":["Projet Emergence, 2019","Best clinical trial award, 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projet Emergence, 2019","Best clinical trial award, 2017"]}]},{"name":"CHR Metz-Thionville","award":["Projet Emergence, 2019","Best clinical trial award, 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projet Emergence, 2019","Best clinical trial award, 2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinic keratoses (AKs) are sun-damaged skin areas that affect 20% of the European adult population and more than 50% of people aged 70 years and over. There are currently no clinical or histological features allowing us to identify to which clinical class (i.e., regression or progression) an AK belongs. A transcriptomic approach seems to be a robust tool for AK characterization, but there is a need for additional studies, including more patients and elucidating the molecular signature of an AK. In this context, the present study, including the largest number of patients to date, is the first aiming at identifying biological features to objectively distinguish different AK signatures. We highlight two distinct molecular profiles: AKs featuring a molecular profile similar to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which are called \u201clesional AKs\u201d (AK_Ls), and AKs featuring a molecular profile similar to normal skin tissue, which are called \u201cnon-lesional AKs\u201d (AK_NLs). The molecular profiles of both AK subclasses were studied, and 316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two classes. The 103 upregulated genes in AK_L were related to the inflammatory response. Interestingly, downregulated genes were associated with keratinization. Finally, based on a connectivity map approach, our data highlight that the VEGF pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for high-risk lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:56:48Z","timestamp":1679381808000},"page":"5937","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcriptomic Study on Human Skin Samples: Identification of Two Subclasses of Actinic Keratoses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Dubois-Pot-Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Khairallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital, 57530 Ars-Laquenexy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6802-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Brzenczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Pl\u00e9nat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Chirurgie, Institut de Canc\u00e9rologie de Lorraine, 54519 Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Amouroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000366525","article-title":"Epidemiology of Actinic Keratoses","volume":"Volume 46","author":"Soyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Problems in Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Frequency and cost of actinic keratosis treatment","volume":"32","author":"Warino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol. 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