{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:24:08Z","timestamp":1784694248928,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Research Council of Lithuania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIT-6\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIT-6\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of the most diverse habitats of microorganisms, soil has been recognised as a reservoir of both antibiotics and the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Bacteria naturally inhabiting soil or water often possess innate ARGs to counteract the chemical compounds produced by competitors living in the same environment. When such bacteria are able to cause infections in immunocompromised patients, their strong innate antibiotic resistance mechanisms make treatment difficult. We generated functional gene libraries using antibiotic-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium spp. bacteria isolated from agricultural soils in Lithuania to select for the genetic determinants responsible for their resistance. We were able to find novel variants of aminoglycoside and \u03b2-lactam resistance genes, with \u03b2-lactamases isolated from the Chryseobacterium spp. functional gene library, one of which is a variant of IND-like metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL) IND-17 and the other of which is a previously uncharacterised MBL we named CHM (Chryseobacterium\u00a0metallo \u03b2-lactamase). Our results indicate that soil microorganisms possess a diversity of ARG variants, which could potentially be transferred to the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1679540877000},"page":"6037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Novel Antibiotic Resistance Genes Identified by Functional Gene Library Screening in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Chryseobacterium spp. Bacteria of Soil Origin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurita","family":"Klimkait\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignas","family":"Ragai\u0161is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renatas","family":"Krasauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1040-0249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modestas","family":"Ru\u017eauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edita","family":"Su\u017eied\u0117lien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julija","family":"Armalyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12631","article-title":"The Soil Resistome: A Critical Review on Antibiotic Resistance Origins, Ecology and Dissemination Potential in Telluric Bacteria","volume":"17","author":"Nesme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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