{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:09:12Z","timestamp":1790964552038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oradea, Romania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of diabetic patients has risen dramatically in recent decades, owing mostly to the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several oral antidiabetic medications are used for the treatment of T2DM including, \u03b1-glucosidases inhibitors, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP-1 receptor agonists, PPAR-\u03b3 agonists, DDP4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors. In this review we focus on the possible effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on different body systems. Beyond the diabetic state, SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed a demonstrable ability to ameliorate cardiac remodeling, enhance myocardial function, and lower heart failure mortality. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors can modify adipocytes and their production of cytokines, such as adipokines and adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity and delays diabetes onset. On the other hand, SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to decreased total hip bone mineral deposition and increased hip bone resorption in T2DM patients. More data are needed to evaluate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer. Finally, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on neuroprotection appear to be both direct and indirect, according to scientific investigations utilizing various experimental models. SGLT2 inhibitors improve vascular tone, elasticity, and contractility by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin signaling pathways, and endothelial cell proliferation. They also improve brain function, synaptic plasticity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduce amyloid plaque formation, as well as regulation of the mTOR pathway in the brain, which reduces brain damage and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:07:57Z","timestamp":1679540877000},"page":"6039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Unlocking the Full Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Expanding Applications beyond Glycemic Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud E.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galal","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela Simona","family":"Popoviciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Cavalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"Abd-Eldayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta 34518, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5070-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122921","article-title":"Stress and type 2 diabetes: A review of how stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i4.249","article-title":"Management and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lebanon: Results from the International Diabetes Management Practices Study Wave 6","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000133321.00456.00","article-title":"Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: A common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association","volume":"109","author":"Eyre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Harnessing the potential clinical use of medicinal plants as anti-diabetic agents","volume":"2","author":"Winther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bot. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.07.001","article-title":"MicroRNAs and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Molecular mechanisms and the effect of antidiabetic drug treatment","volume":"87","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4654-7","article-title":"Development of SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"61","author":"Rieg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2009","article-title":"Biology of human sodium glucose transporters","volume":"91","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051013-110046","article-title":"The mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetes mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Vallon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saisho, Y. (2020). SGLT2 Inhibitors: The Star in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?. Diseases, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases8020014"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118974","article-title":"Intestinal sodium\/glucose cotransporter 3 expression is epithelial and downregulated in obesity","volume":"267","author":"Casselbrant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchi, L., and D\u00edez-Sampedro, A. (2010). A single amino acid change converts the sugar sensor SGLT3 into a sugar transporter. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010241"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00021.2017","article-title":"Novel and Unexpected Functions of SGLTs","volume":"32","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02433-x","article-title":"Sodium-coupled glucose transport, the SLC5 family, and therapeutically relevant inhibitors: From molecular discovery to clinical application","volume":"472","author":"Gyimesi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13255","article-title":"Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporters: Functional properties and pharmaceutical potential","volume":"11","author":"Sano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12509","article-title":"Successful use of empagliflozin to treat neutropenia in two G6PC3-deficient children: Impact of a mutation in SGLT5","volume":"45","author":"Boulanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002763","article-title":"Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT): Expanded families of sugar transport proteins","volume":"89","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2018.1516098","article-title":"SGLT6-A pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity?","volume":"7","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.092","article-title":"Downregulation of the osmolyte transporters SMIT and BGT1 by AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"422","author":"Munoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41166","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41166","article-title":"Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1, mediates the production of reactive oxygen species induced by hyperglycemia in the heart","volume":"7","author":"Balteau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1334-21.2022","article-title":"Disrupted Choline Clearance and Sustained Acetylcholine Release In Vivo by a Common Choline Transporter Coding Variant Associated with Poor Attentional Control in Humans","volume":"42","author":"Donovan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7501","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.13.7501","article-title":"Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a mammalian sodium-dependent vitamin transporter mediating the uptake of pantothenate, biotin, and lipoate","volume":"273","author":"Prasad","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012800675650","article-title":"Sodium dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT): A potential target for drug delivery","volume":"13","author":"Vadlapudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1430846100","article-title":"SLC5A8, a sodium transporter, is a tumor suppressor gene silenced by methylation in human colon aberrant crypt foci and cancers","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03878.x","article-title":"Identity of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) as a neuron-specific Na+-coupled transporter for active uptake of l-lactate and ketone bodies in the brain","volume":"98","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Johnson, L.R., Ghishan, F.K., Kaunitz, J.D., Merchant, J.L., Said, H.M., and Wood, J.D. (2012). Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Academic Press. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.06.031","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of human SMCT2 (SLC5A12) and expression pattern of the transporter in kidney","volume":"1768","author":"Gopal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0349","article-title":"Iodide transport defect: Functional characterization of a novel mutation in the Na+\/I\u2212 symporter 5\u2019-untranslated region in a patient with congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"96","author":"Nicola","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"9128754","article-title":"The Role of the NIS (SLC5A5) Gene in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"2018","author":"Sobrinho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-010-0206-6","article-title":"Carbohydrate metabolism in Bifidobacteria","volume":"6","author":"Pokusaeva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150710145753","article-title":"Antidiabetic drugs: Mechanisms of action and potential outcomes on cellular metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Meneses","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.10.017","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus: What is the optimal treatment regimen?","volume":"116","author":"Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4318-z","article-title":"Metformin: Historical overview","volume":"60","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0019-2","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase: The current landscape for drug development","volume":"18","author":"Steinberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.277.1.E1","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: Possible roles in type 2 diabetes","volume":"277","author":"Winder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30395-5","article-title":"Drug-induced hypoglycemia: A review of 1418 cases","volume":"18","author":"Seltzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464120-00006","article-title":"The role of sulphonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"64","author":"Rendell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donley, V.R., Hiskett, E.K., Kidder, A.C., and Schermerhorn, T. (2005). ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATPchannel) expression in the normal canine pancreas and in canine insulinomas. BMC Vet. Res., 1.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-1-8"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150096","article-title":"Molecular action of sulphonylureas on KATP channels: A real partnership between drugs and nucleotides","volume":"43","author":"Proks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"936","article-title":"The role of nateglinide and repaglinide, derivatives of meglitinide, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Prioletta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci. AMS"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161110-00008","article-title":"Repaglinide","volume":"61","author":"Culy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00260","article-title":"From the incretin concept and the discovery of GLP-1 to today\u2019s diabetes therapy","volume":"10","author":"Holst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.11.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the pancreas","volume":"113","author":"Doyle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa032","article-title":"Revisiting the complexity of GLP-1 action from sites of synthesis to receptor activation","volume":"42","author":"McLean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90193-0","article-title":"15-deoxy-\u039412, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR\u03b3","volume":"83","author":"Forman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200412000-00003","article-title":"Antidiabetic mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Beyond the renin\u2013angiotensin system","volume":"22","author":"Kurtz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(12)71402-7","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and preservation of pancreatic islet-cell function: A critical appraisal of the evidence","volume":"14","author":"Diamant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0052","article-title":"Pleiotropic mechanisms for the glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibitors","volume":"63","author":"Omar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1369","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1369","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"344","author":"Karagiannis","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588664","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.588664","article-title":"Sodium transporters in human health and disease","volume":"1382","author":"Gagnon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6786-x","article-title":"Do the SGLT-2 inhibitors offer more than hypoglycemic activity?","volume":"32","author":"Flores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164114561992","article-title":"Probing SGLT2 as a therapeutic target for diabetes: Basic physiology and consequences","volume":"12","author":"Gallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.128471","article-title":"Canagliflozin: A Novel SGLT2 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Kaushal","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2017.12.004","article-title":"A new class of drugs for heart failure: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce sympathetic overactivity","volume":"71","author":"Sano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7642","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16601","article-title":"Dapagliflozin alleviates cardiac fibrosis through suppressing EndMT and fibroblast activation via AMPK\u03b1\/TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signalling in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738848","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.738848","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"12","author":"Puglisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-020-00236-3","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and the Mechanisms Involved in Weight Loss","volume":"6","author":"Feder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durante, W., Behnammanesh, G., and Peyton, K.J. (2021). Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Vascular Cell Function and Arterial Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168786"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959845","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3959845","article-title":"Mechanism of Hypoxia-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Leading to Vascular Remodeling","volume":"2022","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ropero, \u00c1., Vargas-Delgado, A.P., Santos-Gallego, C.G., and Badimon, J.J. (2019). Inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporters improves cardiac performance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133289"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13050","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13050","article-title":"Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibition in diabetes and chronic kidney diseases","volume":"222","author":"Layton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310793566073","article-title":"AMPK-activated protein kinase and its role in energy metabolism of the heart","volume":"6","author":"Heidrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab079","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab079","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitors as Calorie Restriction Mimetics: Insights on Longevity Pathways and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"162","author":"Hoong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10915","article-title":"Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism","volume":"42","author":"Ke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112628","article-title":"The dynamic interplay between AMPK\/NF\u03baB signaling and NLRP3 is a new therapeutic target in inflammation: Emerging role of dapagliflozin in overcoming lipopolysaccharide-mediated lung injury","volume":"147","author":"Saber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112455","article-title":"Empagliflozin adjunct with metformin for the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma progression: Emerging approach for new application","volume":"145","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120070","article-title":"Blunting p38 MAPK\u03b1 and ERK1\/2 activities by empagliflozin enhances the antifibrotic effect of metformin and augments its AMPK-induced NF-\u03baB inactivation in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride","volume":"286","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113409","article-title":"Canagliflozin-loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid microspheres modulate AMPK\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 axis: A new paradigm in the rectal therapy of ulcerative colitis","volume":"153","author":"Nasr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719984","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.719984","article-title":"Interference with the AMPK\u03b1\/mTOR\/NLRP3 Signaling and the IL-23\/IL-17 Axis Effectively Protects Against the Dextran Sulfate Sodium Intoxication in Rats: A New Paradigm in Empagliflozin and Metformin Reprofiling for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"12","author":"Youssef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"158813","article-title":"Ketone metabolism in the failing heart","volume":"1865","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz037","article-title":"Cardiac sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 is a novel mediator of ischaemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"632","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"5","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.035","article-title":"Dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, attenuated cardiac fibrosis by regulating the macrophage polarization via STAT3 signaling in infarcted rat hearts","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666190828161409","article-title":"Mechanisms of protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Ropero, A. (2020). Empagliflozine Improves Myocardial Fibrosis and Diastolic Function in a Non-Diabetic Porcine Model of Ischaemic Heart Failure, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110487","article-title":"Empagliflozin improves primary haemodynamic parameters and attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in high fat diet fed APOE knockout mice","volume":"494","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.09.005","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on systemic and tissue low-grade inflammation: The potential contribution to diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease","volume":"44","author":"Bonnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hupa-Breier, K.L., Dywicki, J., Hartleben, B., Wellh\u00f6ner, F., Heidrich, B., Taubert, R., Mederacke, Y.-S.E., Lieber, M., Iordanidis, K., and Manns, M.P. (2021). Dulaglutide Alone and in Combination with Empagliflozin Attenuate Inflammatory Pathways and Microbiome Dysbiosis in a Non-Diabetic Mouse Model of NASH. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9040353"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27181-y","article-title":"Metabolomic and microarray analyses of adipose tissue of dapagliflozin-treated mice, and effects of 3-hydroxybutyrate on induction of adiponectin in adipocytes","volume":"8","author":"Nishitani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16987","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28420","article-title":"Metabolic effects of antidiabetic drugs on adipocytes and adipokine expression","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.081","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition on weight loss is partly mediated by liver-brain-adipose neurocircuitry","volume":"493","author":"Sawada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09675-9","article-title":"Repurposing sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for cancer treatment\u2014A Review","volume":"22","author":"Lau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada, J., Yamada, E., Saito, T., Yokoo, H., Osaki, A., Shimoda, Y., Ozawa, A., Nakajima, Y., Pessin, J.E., and Okada, S. (2020). Dapagliflozin inhibits cell adhesion to collagen I and IV and increases ectodomain proteolytic cleavage of DDR1 by increasing ADAM10 activity. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25030495"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.08.014","article-title":"The diabetes medication Canagliflozin reduces cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting mitochondrial complex-I supported respiration","volume":"5","author":"Villani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2022.13521","article-title":"Dapagliflozin induces apoptosis by downregulating cFILP L and increasing cFILP S instability in Caki-1 cells","volume":"24","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.11.007","article-title":"SGLT2 Inhibitor-Induced Sympathoinhibition: A Novel Mechanism for Cardiorenal Protection","volume":"5","author":"Herat","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4370-8","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0105browski, M. (2021). Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041680"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"453","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Rosenwasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12189","article-title":"Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin","volume":"16","author":"Bolinder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10242","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10242","article-title":"Mineral and electrolyte disorders with SGLT2i therapy","volume":"3","author":"Cianciolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.07.025","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitor therapy improves blood glucose but does not prevent diabetic bone disease in diabetic DBA\/2J male mice","volume":"82","author":"Thrailkill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01517","article-title":"Effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on bone metabolism and fracture risk","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, C.E., and Coleman, C.M. (2019). Impact of diabetes mellitus on bone health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194873"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1860","article-title":"Evaluation of bone mineral density and bone biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with canagliflozin","volume":"101","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13103","article-title":"Effect of ertugliflozin on glucose control, body weight, blood pressure and bone density in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy (VERTIS MET)","volume":"20","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406223221086996","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223221086996","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and neurological disorders: A scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Tharmaraja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1319","article-title":"Forxiga (dapagliflozin): Plausible role in the treatment of diabetes-associated neurological disorders","volume":"63","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wici\u0144ski, M., W\u00f3dkiewicz, E., G\u00f3rski, K., Walczak, M., and Malinowski, B. (2020). Perspective of SGLT2 inhibition in treatment of conditions connected to neuronal loss: Focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease and ischemia-related brain injury. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13110379"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolajevi\u0107 Star\u010devi\u0107, J., Jani\u0107, M., and \u0160abovi\u010d, M. (2019). Molecular mechanisms responsible for diastolic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051197"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4859-4","article-title":"Canagliflozin reduces inflammation and fibrosis biomarkers: A potential mechanism of action for beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease","volume":"62","author":"Heerspink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.11.6.724","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying pressure-related natriuresis: The role of the renin-angiotensin and prostaglandin systems. State of the art lecture","volume":"11","author":"Romero","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105108","article-title":"Antidiabetic drugs and blood pressure changes","volume":"161","author":"Ilias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12937","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12937","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An overview for the primary care physician","volume":"71","author":"Dandona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adam, C.A., Anghel, R., Marcu, D.T.M., Mitu, O., Roca, M., and Mitu, F. (2022). Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging-What Do We Know So Far? (A Narrative Review). Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12060803"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"239","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronic Dis. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4663-6","article-title":"Use of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: Weighing the risks and benefits","volume":"61","author":"Lupsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2020-0153","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors: A narrative review of efficacy and safety","volume":"121","author":"Nelinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Osteopath. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27427","article-title":"Interleukin-18 and diabetic nephropathy: A review","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.75","article-title":"Targeting adipose tissue in the treatment of obesity-associated diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Kusminski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.01.020","article-title":"Characterization of the bone marrow adipocyte niche with three-dimensional electron microscopy","volume":"118","author":"Robles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25450","article-title":"Browning of white fat: Novel insight into factors, mechanisms, and therapeutics","volume":"232","author":"Jeremic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.204","article-title":"Adipose tissue browning and metabolic health","volume":"10","author":"Bartelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461","article-title":"Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi15-0013","article-title":"Maintenance of Subcutaneous Fat Homeostasis Improves Systemic Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity","volume":"64","author":"Shimizu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00623.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: Structural and functional differences","volume":"11","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.014","article-title":"Adipokines in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Fasshauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1110-5","article-title":"Inflammation markers in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population","volume":"18","author":"Reinehr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625331","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.625331","article-title":"Adipose tissue macrophage polarization in healthy and unhealthy obesity","volume":"8","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106031","article-title":"Histone modifications influence the insulin-signaling genes and are related to insulin resistance in human adipocytes","volume":"137","author":"Cierzniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20764","article-title":"Subcutaneous adipose tissue zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein is associated with adipose tissue and whole-body insulin sensitivity","volume":"22","author":"Balaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13650","article-title":"A review of the mechanism of action, metabolic profile and haemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4669-0","article-title":"The actions of SGLT2 inhibitors on metabolism, renal function and blood pressure","volume":"61","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutka, M., Bobi\u0144ski, R., Francuz, T., Garczorz, W., Zimmer, K., Ilczak, T., \u0106wiertnia, M., and Hajduga, M.B. (2022). SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment\u2014Mechanisms of Action and Emerging New Perspectives. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235811"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-019-0203-1","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition slows tumor growth in mice by reversing hyperinsulinemia","volume":"7","author":"Nasiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Metab."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00586-x","article-title":"Regulators of glucose uptake in thyroid cancer cell lines","volume":"18","author":"Heydarzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Hendryx, M., and Dong, Y. (2023). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and non-small cell lung cancer survival. Br. J. Cancer.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02177-2"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat5933","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat5933","article-title":"Sodium-glucose transporter 2 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Scafoglio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511698112","article-title":"Functional expression of sodium-glucose transporters in cancer","volume":"112","author":"Scafoglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1722","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and bladder cancer: Analysis of cases reported in the European Pharmacovigilance Database","volume":"61","author":"Lertxundi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0573-0","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis of phase I\u2013III clinical trials","volume":"34","author":"Kohler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1646-6","article-title":"Canagliflozin inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking glucose-influx-induced \u03b2-catenin activation","volume":"10","author":"Hung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106261","article-title":"The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hepatocellular carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical implications","volume":"181","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakano, D., Kawaguchi, T., Iwamoto, H., Hayakawa, M., Koga, H., and Torimura, T. (2020). Effects of canagliflozin on growth and metabolic reprograming in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: Multi-omics analysis of metabolomics and absolute quantification proteomics (iMPAQT). PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232283"},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of canagliflozin on pancreatic cancer are mediated via the downregulation of glucose transporter-1 and lactate dehydrogenase A","volume":"57","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113675","article-title":"Canagliflozin interrupts mTOR-mediated inflammatory signaling and attenuates DMBA-induced mammary cell carcinoma in rats","volume":"155","author":"Sabaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13745","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Dicembrini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.668368","article-title":"SGLT-2i and risk of malignancy in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_504_19","article-title":"Sample Size and its Importance in Research","volume":"42","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00803-3","article-title":"Safety of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pooled analysis of seven phase 3 randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wawrzyniak, A., and Balawender, K. (2022). Structural and Metabolic Changes in Bone. Animals, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151946"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00061.2014","article-title":"Physiological Bone Remodeling: Systemic Regulation and Growth Factor Involvement","volume":"31","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoenngam, N., and Holick, M.F. (2020). Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072097"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.06.031","article-title":"Bone\u2013kidney axis in systemic phosphate turnover","volume":"561","author":"Razzaque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00122","article-title":"The Interplay Between Bone and Glucose Metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Cipriani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3002","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes and risk of hip fractures and non-skeletal fall injuries in the elderly: A study from the fractures and fall injuries in the elderly cohort (FRAILCO)","volume":"32","author":"Wallander","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-019-0094-5","article-title":"Microcomputed tomography of the femur of diabetic rats: Alterations of trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture and vasculature\u2014A feasibility study","volume":"3","author":"Zeitoun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol. Exp."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2106","article-title":"In vivo assessment of bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Farr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12240","article-title":"Complex interplay among adiposity, insulin resistance and bone health","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Obes."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2019.1618266","article-title":"An update on therapies for the treatment of diabetes-induced osteoporosis","volume":"19","author":"Mohsin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masajtis-Zagajewska, A., Ho\u0142ub, T., P\u0119czek, K., Mak\u00f3wka, A., and Nowicki, M. (2021). Different Effects of Empagliflozin on Markers of Mineral-Bone Metabolism in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Stage 3 chronic kidney disease. Medicina, 57.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57121352"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0274-5","article-title":"Review article: Effects of type 2 diabetes therapies on bone metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Vianna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.05.008","article-title":"Effect of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"69","author":"Adil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101553","article-title":"Empagliflozin activates Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin to stimulate FUNDC1-dependent mitochondrial quality surveillance against type-3 cardiorenal syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5313","article-title":"An investigation on the association between sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors use and acute pancreatitis: A VigiBase study","volume":"30","author":"Frent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-022-00747-6","article-title":"Glycemic Control and Bone in Diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Weber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.07.001","article-title":"Pharmacological aspects of the safety of gliflozins","volume":"118","author":"Faillie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20201290","article-title":"Phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23 in diabetes","volume":"135","author":"Yeung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005111185","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a counter-regulatory phosphaturic hormone for vitamin D","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5116-4","article-title":"Predictors of progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The role of vascular and sociodemographic factors","volume":"256","author":"Musicco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0130-5","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on cognitive decline: Potential vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Feinkohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdogan, M.A., Yusuf, D., Christy, J., Solmaz, V., Erdogan, A., Taskiran, E., and Erbas, O. (2018). Highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin reduces seizure activity in pentylenetetrazol-induced murine model of epilepsy. BMC Neurol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1086-4"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.03.005","article-title":"Empagliflozin attenuates neurodegeneration through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of \u03b1-synuclein and Parkin levels in rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease in rats","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106062","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Focus of SGLT2 Inhibitors Treatment","volume":"176","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14551","article-title":"RS 1 (Rsc1A1) deficiency limits cerebral SGLT 1 expression and delays brain damage after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"147","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708547","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.708547","article-title":"Role of DPP-4 and SGLT2 Inhibitors Connected to Alzheimer Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Sim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.317959","article-title":"Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke: Physiopathological and therapeutic complexity","volume":"17","author":"Ferrari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00496","article-title":"Links between obesity-induced brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and dementia","volume":"9","author":"Sripetchwandee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00722","article-title":"Targeting ROS-Dependent AKT\/GSK-3\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB and DJ-1\/Nrf2 Pathways by Dapagliflozin Attenuates Neuronal Injury and Motor Dysfunction in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rat Model","volume":"12","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02105.x","article-title":"Suppressing inflammation by inhibiting the NF-\u03baB pathway contributes to the neuroprotective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) in rats with permanent cerebral ischaemia","volume":"167","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.08.005","article-title":"SGLT2-inhibitor and DPP-4 inhibitor improve brain function via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats","volume":"333","author":"Tanajak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118401","article-title":"Insulin resistance and bioenergetic manifestations: Targets and approaches in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"262","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105158","article-title":"Empagliflozin nanoparticles attenuates type2 diabetes induced cognitive impairment via oxidative stress and inflammatory pathway in high fructose diet induced hyperglycemic mice","volume":"150","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cignarelli, A., Genchi, V.A., Le Grazie, G., Caruso, I., Marrano, N., Biondi, G., D\u2019Oria, R., Sorice, G.P., Natalicchio, A., and Perrini, S. (2022). Minireview: Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT-2 Inhibitors on the Growth Hormone\/IGF axis. Front. Endocrinol., 231.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.846903"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6039\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:01:12Z","timestamp":1760122872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24076039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24076039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]}}}