{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:01:22Z","timestamp":1791907282425,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"]}]},{"name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"]}]},{"name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"]}]},{"name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)","award":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16hm0102042h0001, 17hm0102042h0002, 18hm0102042h0003, 19dk0310099h0001, 20dk0310099h0002, 21dk0310099h0003, 20dm0307003h0003, 21dm0307003h0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the homeostasis of the brain. We previously reported that CSF major glycoproteins are biosynthesized in the brain, i.e., lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) and transferrin isoforms carrying unique glycans. Although these glycoproteins are secreted from distinct cell types, their CSF levels have been found to be highly correlated with each other in cases of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to examine these marker levels and their correlations in other neurological diseases, such as depression and schizophrenia, and disorders featuring abnormal CSF metabolism, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Brain-derived marker levels were found to be highly correlated with each other in the CSF of depression and schizophrenia patients. SIH is caused by CSF leakage, which is suspected to induce hypovolemia and a compensatory increase in CSF production. In SIH, the brain-derived markers were 2\u20133-fold higher than in other diseases, and, regardless of their diverse levels, they were found to be correlated with each other. Another abnormality of the CSF metabolism, iNPH, is possibly caused by the reduced absorption of CSF, which secondarily induces CSF accumulation in the ventricle; the excess CSF compresses the brain\u2019s parenchyma to induce dementia. One potential treatment is a \u201cshunt operation\u201d to bypass excess CSF from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity, leading to the attenuation of dementia. After the shunt operation, marker levels began to increase within a week and then further increased by 2\u20132.5-fold at three, six, and twelve months post-operation, at which point symptoms had gradually attenuated. Notably, the marker levels were found to be correlated with each other in the post-operative period. In conclusion, the brain-derived major glycoprotein markers were highly correlated in the CSF of patients with different neurological diseases, and their correlations were maintained even after surgical intervention. These results suggest that brain-derived proteins could be biomarkers of CSF production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T03:50:21Z","timestamp":1679629821000},"page":"6084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Brain-Derived Major Glycoproteins Are Possible Biomarkers for Altered Metabolism of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kyoka","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7927-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsutoshi","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Miyajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Bunkyo City 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sanno Hospital, Minato City 107-0052, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4411-2317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira 187-8502, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama 963-8052, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Mitsufuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Koshigaya 350-0495, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Koshigaya 350-0495, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804279-3.00002-2","article-title":"The cerebrosinal fluid and barriers\u2014Anatomic and physiologic considerations","volume":"146","author":"Tumani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb. 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