{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1776732646823,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia via Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/UM\/02\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/UM\/02\/5"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia via Fundamental Research Grant Scheme","award":["203900142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203900142"]}]},{"name":"Liu Po Shan\/Vincent Liu Endowment Fund for Motor Neurone Disease 2020-21","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/UM\/02\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/UM\/02\/5"]}]},{"name":"Liu Po Shan\/Vincent Liu Endowment Fund for Motor Neurone Disease 2020-21","award":["203900142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203900142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although previous study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), the mechanisms of H.E. treatment on the neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmission, and related metabolites remain largely unknown. We demonstrated that 3-AP rats treated with 25 mg\/kg H.E. extracts had improved motor coordination and balance in the accelerated rotarod and rod tests. We showed that the H.E. treatment upregulated the expression of Tgfb1, Tgfb2, and Smad3 genes to levels comparable to those in the non-3-AP control group. Interestingly, we also observed a significant correlation between Tgfb2 gene expression and rod test performance in the 3-AP saline group, but not in the non-3-AP control or H.E.+3-AP groups, indicating a relationship between Tgfb2 gene expression and motor balance in the 3-AP rat model. Additionally, we also found that the H.E. treatment increased mitochondrial COX-IV protein expression and normalized dopamine-serotonin neurotransmission and metabolite levels in the cerebellum of the H.E.+3-AP group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the H.E. treatment improved motor function in the 3-AP rat model, which was potentially mediated through neuroprotective mechanisms involving TGFB2-Smad3 signaling via normalization of neurotransmission and metabolic pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T03:50:21Z","timestamp":1679629821000},"page":"6089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hericium erinaceus Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Regulation of Metabolites in an Animal Model of Cerebellar Ataxia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sze Chun","family":"Chau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pit Shan","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongkai","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1366-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka Chun","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharafuddin","family":"Khairuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Chung Kwan","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sze Yuen","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George Lim","family":"Tipoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi Wai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Lung","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kah Hui","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee Wei","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23559","article-title":"Milestones in ataxia","volume":"26","author":"Klockgether","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. 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