{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:38:11Z","timestamp":1790735891681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence Revive","award":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"]}]},{"name":"INGESTEM","award":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"]}]},{"name":"GENOPOLE","award":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Investissement d\u2019Avenir; ANR-10-LABX-73"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melanocytes are essential for skin homeostasis and protection, and their loss or misfunction leads to a wide spectrum of diseases. Cell therapy utilizing autologous melanocytes has been used for years as an adjunct treatment for hypopigmentary disorders such as vitiligo. However, these approaches are hindered by the poor proliferative capacity of melanocytes obtained from skin biopsies. Recent advances in the field of human pluripotent stem cells have fueled the prospect of generating melanocytes. Here, we have developed a well-characterized method to produce a pure and homogenous population of functional and proliferative melanocytes. The genetic stability and potential transformation of melanocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been evaluated over time during the in vitro culture process. Thanks to transcriptomic analysis, the molecular signatures all along the differentiation protocol have been characterized, providing a solid basis for standardizing the protocol. Altogether, our results promise meaningful, broadly applicable, and longer-lasting advances for pigmentation disorders and open perspectives for innovative biotherapies for pigment disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T02:03:53Z","timestamp":1680055433000},"page":"6398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Generating Functional and Highly Proliferative Melanocytes Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Promising Tool for Biotherapeutic Approaches to Treat Skin Pigmentation Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manoubia","family":"Saidani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude des Cellules Souches, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, French Muscular Disease Association, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabelle","family":"Darle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude des Cellules Souches, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, French Muscular Disease Association, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Jarrige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude des Cellules Souches, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, French Muscular Disease Association, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5601-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Polveche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude des Cellules Souches, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, French Muscular Disease Association, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"El Kassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etude des Cellules Souches, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Cell Biology Platform, Research and Technological Innovation Team, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Juli\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosm\u00e9tique, 31100 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Bessou-Touya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosm\u00e9tique, 31100 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Holic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U861, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"},{"name":"U861, Evry Val d\u2019Essonne\/Paris-Saclay University, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0898-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Lemaitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U861, Evry Val d\u2019Essonne\/Paris-Saclay University, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5234-1064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Martinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U861, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-0507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Baldeschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U861, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"},{"name":"U861, Evry Val d\u2019Essonne\/Paris-Saclay University, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2379-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Allouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U861, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"},{"name":"U861, Evry Val d\u2019Essonne\/Paris-Saclay University, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.106567","article-title":"The melanocyte lineage in development and disease","volume":"142","author":"Mort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986918","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.986918","article-title":"Advances in vitiligo: Update on therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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