{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:44:13Z","timestamp":1791110653482,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":190,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Unit Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Science","award":["2019-I2M-5-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-030"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Science","award":["JNL-2022008B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JNL-2022008B"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory","award":["2019-I2M-5-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-030"]}]},{"name":"Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory","award":["JNL-2022008B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JNL-2022008B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin\u2013Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved \u03b2-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1680229820000},"page":"6501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xizhi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengyong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shusen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"NHFPC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, CAMS, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.10.057","article-title":"Glycans and glycan-binding proteins in immune regulation: A concise introduction to glycobiology for the allergist","volume":"135","author":"Schnaar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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