{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:08:18Z","timestamp":1791839298187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Society of Nephrology Carl W. Gottschalk Research Scholar Grant","award":["#18CDA34060053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#18CDA34060053"]}]},{"name":"American Heart Association Career Development Grant","award":["#18CDA34060053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#18CDA34060053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We previously showed that the phosphatases PP1\/PP2A and PP2B dephosphorylate the water channel, AQP2, suggesting their role in water reabsorption. In this study, we investigated whether protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B or calcineurin), which are present in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), are regulators of urea and water permeability. Inhibition of calcineurin by tacrolimus increased both basal and vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability in perfused rat IMCDs. However, tacrolimus did not affect osmotic water permeability in the presence of aldosterone. Inhibition of PP2A by calyculin increased both basal and vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability, and aldosterone reversed the increase by calyculin. Previous studies showed that adrenomedullin (ADM) activates PP2A and decreases osmotic water permeability. Inhibition of PP2A by calyculin prevented the ADM-induced decrease in water reabsorption. ADM reduced the phosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 269 (pSer269 AQP2). Urea is linked to water reabsorption by building up hyperosmolality in the inner medullary interstitium. Calyculin increased urea permeability and phosphorylated UT-A1. Our results indicate that phosphatases regulate water reabsorption. Aldosterone and adrenomedullin decrease urea or osmotic water permeability by acting through calcineurin and PP2A, respectively. PP2A may regulate water reabsorption by dephosphorylating pSer269, AQP2, and UT-A1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T02:30:20Z","timestamp":1680229820000},"page":"6537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phosphatases Decrease Water and Urea Permeability in Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Ducts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6663-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet D.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9822-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff M.","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F823","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1987.253.5.F823","article-title":"Vasopressin effects on urea and H2O transport in inner medullary collecting duct subsegments","volume":"253","author":"Sands","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. 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