{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:52:31Z","timestamp":1789613551955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172173"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31972086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972086"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province","award":["32172173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172173"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province","award":["31972086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Constipation is a common disease affecting humans. Bifidobacterium longum is reportedly effective in relieving constipation. Current studies generally focus on the dose\u2013response relationship of oral doses; however, the dose\u2013effect relationship of B. longum in the colon, which is the primary site where B. longum exerts constipation-relieving effects, to treat constipation has not been studied. Herein, three strains of B. longum (FGSZY6M4, FJSWXJ10M2, and FSDJN6M3) were packaged in colon-released capsules to explore the dose\u2013effect relationship in the colon. For each strain, three groups of capsules (104, 106, and 108 CFU\/capsule, respectively) and one group of free probiotics (108 CFU\/mL) were used to explore the colonic dose effect of B. longum. The results showed that the three strains of B. longum improved fecal water content and promoted intestinal motility by regulating gastrointestinal peptide (MTL, GAS, and VIP), aquaporin-3, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels while promoting gastrointestinal motility and relieving constipation by regulating the intestinal flora composition of constipated rats and changing their metabolite content (short-chain fatty acids). Among the three free bacterial solution groups (108 CFU\/mL), FGSZY6M4 was the most effective in relieving constipation caused by loperamide hydrochloride in rats. The optimal effective dose of each strain was 6M4 (104 CFU\/day), 10M2 (106 CFU\/day), and S3 (108 CFU\/day) of the colon-released capsules. Therefore, for some effective strains, the dose of oral probiotics can be reduced by colon-released capsules, and constipation can be relieved without administering a great number of bacterial solutions. Therefore, investigating the most effective dose of B. longum at the colon site can help to improve the efficiency of relieving constipation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T03:08:31Z","timestamp":1680491311000},"page":"6585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Exploring the Dose\u2013Effect Relationship of Bifidobacterium longum in Relieving Loperamide Hydrochloride-Induced Constipation in Rats through Colon-Released Capsules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2080-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0222-y","article-title":"Management of Functional Constipation in Children and Adults","volume":"17","author":"Vriesman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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