{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:14:16Z","timestamp":1782738856825,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI121588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI121588"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["K24AI134990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AI134990"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01CA189806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA189806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The seroprevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and the incidence of endemic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) overlap with regions of malaria endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple studies have shown an increased risk of KSHV seroconversion in children from high malaria compared to low malaria regions; however, the impact of acute episodes of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria on KSHV\u2019s biphasic life cycle and lytic reactivation has not been determined. Here, we examined KSHV serological profiles and viral loads in 134 children with acute malaria and 221 healthy children from high malaria regions in Kisumu, as well as 77 healthy children from low malaria regions in Nandi. We assayed KSHV, Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV), and P. falciparum malaria antibody responses in these three by multiplexed Luminex assay. We confirmed that KSHV seroprevalence was significantly associated with malaria endemicity (OR = 1.95, 1.18\u20133.24 95% CI, p = 0.01) with 71\u201377% seropositivity in high-malaria (Kisumu) compared to 28% in low-malaria (Nandi) regions. Furthermore, KSHV serological profiles during acute malaria episodes were distinct from age-matched non-malaria-infected children from the same region. Paired IgG levels also varied after malaria treatment, with significantly higher anti-ORF59 at day 0 but elevated ORF38, ORF73, and K8.1 at day 3. Acute malaria episodes is characterized by perturbation of KSHV latency in seropositive children, providing further evidence that malaria endemicity contributes to the observed increase in endemic KS incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T02:30:15Z","timestamp":1680575415000},"page":"6711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distinctive Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Serological Profile during Acute Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Episodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7451-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter O.","family":"Oluoch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Forconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cliff I.","family":"Oduor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic A.","family":"Ritacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoseah M.","family":"Akala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Juliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3928-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Ong\u2019echa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fcnz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1113-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann M.","family":"Moormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000330","article-title":"Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Goncalves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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