{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:53:26Z","timestamp":1780318406715,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Jiangsu Province","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Foshan","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["2020YFC2004600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2004600"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["82172077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172077"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["22201298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22201298"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["62027825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62027825"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["ZR2022QB077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB077"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["ZR2022QB243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QB243"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["JSSCTD202145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202145"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["2018IT100382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IT100382"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["ZR2019MC069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019MC069"]}]},{"name":"the Youth In-novation Promotion Association of CAS","award":["2022326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022326"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, bacterial infections are attracting great attention for the research and development of new antimicrobial agents. As one of the quinolones, ciprofloxacin (CI) has a broad-spectrum, strong antibacterial effect. However, the clinical use of ciprofloxacin is limited by drug resistance. Ciprofloxacin carbon dots (CCDs) with enhanced antibacterial activity and copper-doped ciprofloxacin carbon dots (Cu-CCDs) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The results of structural analysis and antibacterial experiments show that CCDs and Cu-CCDs have effective antibacterial properties by retaining the active groups of ciprofloxacin (-COOH, C-N, and C-F), and Cu-CCDs doped with copper have a better antibacterial effect. In addition, experiments have shown that Cu-CCDs show excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and have good biocompatibility, which indicates that they have great prospects in clinical applications. Therefore, novel modified copper CCDs with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which can be used as antibacterial nanomaterials for potential applications in the field of antibacterial drugs, were synthesized in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T02:29:58Z","timestamp":1680748198000},"page":"6814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Preparation of Ciprofloxacin-Based Carbon Dots with High Antibacterial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingge","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1319-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-2798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106821","article-title":"Antibacterial efficiency of carbon dots against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: A review","volume":"9","author":"Varghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.39863","article-title":"Carbon Dots as Potent Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1131","article-title":"Recent advances of carbon dots as new antimicrobial agents","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"SmartMat"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00890","article-title":"Recent Innovations in Bacterial Infection Detection and Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Deusenbery","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2020.1779697","article-title":"Circumventing antimicrobial-resistance and preventing its development in novel, bacterial infection-control strategies","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Li, C., van der Mei, H.C., Busscher, H.J., and Ren, Y. (2021). Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Different Carbon Sources for Antibacterial Applications. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10060623"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NH00174J","article-title":"Graphene oxide and carbon dots as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents\u2014a minireview","volume":"4","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-8-122","article-title":"Systematic safety evaluation on photoluminescent carbon dots","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704740","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704740","article-title":"Synthesis of Carbon Dots with Multiple Color Emission by Controlled Graphitization and Surface Functionalization","volume":"30","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB00681H","article-title":"Multifunctional quaternized carbon dots with enhanced biofilm penetration and eradication efficiencies","volume":"7","author":"Ran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30363","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c03290","article-title":"Biocompatible Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Sugarcane Industrial Wastes for Effective Nonlinear Optical Behavior and Antimicrobial Activity Applications","volume":"5","author":"Pandiyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00078G","article-title":"Carbon dots for highly effective photodynamic inactivation of multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"1","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.02.030","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and DNA binding studies of carbon dots","volume":"196","author":"Jhonsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part. A"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135965","article-title":"Gadolinium doped red-emissive carbon dots as targeted theranostic agents for fluorescence and MR imaging guided cancer phototherapy","volume":"440","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR06842J","article-title":"Antimicrobial carbon nanodots: Photodynamic inactivation and dark antimicrobial effects on bacteria by brominated carbon nanodots","volume":"13","author":"Knoblauch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4154","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b04566","article-title":"Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Properties of Light Triggered Fluorescent Hydrophobic Carbon Quantum Dots Langmuir\u2013Blodgett Thin Films","volume":"6","author":"Bodik","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102861","article-title":"Synthesis of carbon dots from taurine as bioimaging agent and nanohybrid with ceria for antioxidant and antibacterial applications","volume":"39","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09782-3","article-title":"Beer yeast-derived fluorescent carbon dots for photoinduced bactericidal functions and multicolor imaging of bacteria","volume":"103","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2020.102000","article-title":"Water-solvable carbon dots derived from curcumin and citric acid with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6703","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b01023","article-title":"Super-Cationic Carbon Quantum Dots Synthesized from Spermidine as an Eye Drop Formulation for Topical Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis","volume":"11","author":"Jian","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC09223D","article-title":"Low-toxicity carbon quantum dots derived from gentamicin sulfate to combat antibiotic resistance and eradicate mature biofilms","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26936","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b08832","article-title":"Degradable Carbon Dots with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.110930","article-title":"Genipin cross-linked carbon dots for antimicrobial, bioimaging and bacterial discrimination","volume":"190","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662149","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.662149","article-title":"One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Dots and in vivo and in vitro Antimicrobial Photodynamic Applications","volume":"12","author":"Romero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.10.020","article-title":"Levofloxacin-based carbon dots to enhance antibacterial activities and combat antibiotic resistance","volume":"186","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175102","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab6b9d","article-title":"Synthesis of bifunctional carbon quantum dots for bioimaging and anti-inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.06.040","article-title":"Enhanced antibacterial activity of carbon dots functionalized with ampicillin combined with visible light triggered photodynamic effects","volume":"170","author":"Jijie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.05.067","article-title":"Conjugated carbon quantum dots: Potent nano-antibiotic for intracellular pathogens","volume":"552","author":"Ardekani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN02352C","article-title":"Carbon dots derived from kanamycin sulfate with antibacterial activity and selectivity for Cr(6+) detection","volume":"146","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32706","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12252","article-title":"Aspirin-Based Carbon Dots, a Good Biocompatibility of Material Applied for Bioimaging and Anti-Inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.01.078","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin derivatives and their antibacterial activities","volume":"146","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16264","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b03292","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc Oxide\u2013Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites: Enhanced Adsorption on Bacterial Cells by Cationic Capping Polymers","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5665","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.5665","article-title":"Carbon quantum dots decorated on ZnO nanoparticles: An efficient visible-light responsive antibacterial agents","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b02394","article-title":"Red-Emissive Ruthenium-Containing Carbon Dots for Bioimaging and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.107112","article-title":"Effect of ultra-trace Ag doping on the antibacterial performance of carbon quantum dots","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7404","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b03008","article-title":"Metamorphosis of Ruthenium-Doped Carbon Dots: In Search of the Origin of Photoluminescence and Beyond","volume":"28","author":"Bera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14030","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c04094","article-title":"Copper Isolated Sites on N-Doped Carbon Nanoframes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9982","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b01230","article-title":"Synthesis of the Cu-Doped Dual-Emission Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Its Analytical Application","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13394","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.9b02283","article-title":"Copper-Doped Carbon Dots for Optical Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9911","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b00738","article-title":"Cu-Doped Carbon Dots as Catalysts for the Chemiluminescence Detection of Glucose","volume":"4","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2019.06.008","article-title":"Fluorescent carbon dots functionalization","volume":"270","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.128946","article-title":"Structural elucidation of Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin using density functional theory and Raman spectroscopy with inexpensive lab-built setup","volume":"1222","author":"Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32170","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b10398","article-title":"Carbon Dot-Based Platform for Simultaneous Bacterial Distinguishment and Antibacterial Applications","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"253","article-title":"Structure characterization and spectroscopic investigation of ciprofloxacin drug","volume":"108","author":"Hawash","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2019.01.064","article-title":"Carbon-quantum dots derived from denatured milk for efficient chromium-ion sensing and supercapacitor applications","volume":"241","author":"Athika","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2018.04.061","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of high efficient photoluminescent sunlight driven photocatalyst of N-Carbon Quantum Dots","volume":"201","author":"Aghamali","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770251","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201770251","article-title":"Carbon Dots: Excitation-Dependent Photoluminescence from Single-Carbon Dots (Small 48\/2017)","volume":"13","author":"Nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901938","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201901938","article-title":"Scalable Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dot Powders with Unprecedented Efficiency","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113283","article-title":"Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots and their environmental applications","volume":"212","author":"Manikandan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00671","article-title":"A Mini Review on Carbon Quantum Dots: Preparation, Properties, and Electrocatalytic Application","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.110987","article-title":"High photoluminescence nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped carbon nanodots for assessment of microbial viability","volume":"191","author":"Qie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34852-y","article-title":"Regulating electron configuration of single Cu sites via unsaturated N,O-coordination for selective oxidation of benzene","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.10.015","article-title":"Insight into the effect of particle size distribution differences on the antibacterial activity of carbon dots","volume":"584","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119582","article-title":"Ultrafast discrimination of Gram-positive bacteria and highly efficient photodynamic antibacterial therapy using near-infrared photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission characteristics","volume":"230","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201600294","article-title":"Programmed Bacteria Death Induced by Carbon Dots with Different Surface Charge","volume":"12","author":"Bing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805860","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201805860","article-title":"Cancer-Targeting Graphene Quantum Dots: Fluorescence Quantum Yields, Stability, and Cell Selectivity","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Pastor, R., Carrera-Pacheco, S.E., Zuniga-Miranda, J., Rodriguez-Polit, C., Mayorga-Ramos, A., Guaman, L.P., and Barba-Ostria, C. (2023). Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031068"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6814\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:10:52Z","timestamp":1760123452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24076814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24076814","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}