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Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D93C22000890001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["2018\/S\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/S\/5"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["2017K55HLC 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017K55HLC 001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["PE00000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["PE00000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR)","award":["2019 RF-2019-12371111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 RF-2019-12371111"]}]},{"name":"MUR PNRR Extended 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Health","award":["D93C22000890001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D93C22000890001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","award":["2018\/S\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/S\/5"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","award":["2017K55HLC 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017K55HLC 001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","award":["PE00000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","award":["PE00000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health","award":["2019 RF-2019-12371111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019 RF-2019-12371111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunological events that precede the development of villous atrophy in celiac disease (CeD) are still not completely understood. We aimed to explore CeD-associated antibody production (anti-native gliadin (AGA), anti-deamidated gliadin (DGP) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG)) in infants at genetic risk for CeD from the Italian cohorts of the PREVENT-CD and Neocel projects, as well as the relationship between antibody production and systemic inflammation. HLA DQ2 and\/or DQ8 infants from families with a CeD case were followed from birth. Out of 220 at-risk children, 182 had not developed CeD by 6 years of age (CTRLs), and 38 developed celiac disease (CeD). The profiles of serum cytokines (INF\u03b3, IL1\u03b2, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL12p70, IL17A and TNF\u03b1) and the expression of selected genes (FoxP3, IL10, TGF\u03b2, INF\u03b3, IL4 and IL2) were evaluated in 46 children (20 CeD and 26 CTRLs). Among the 182 healthy CTRLs, 28 (15.3%) produced high levels of AGA-IgA (AGA+CTRLs), and none developed anti-tTG-IgA or DGP-IgA, compared to 2\/38 (5.3%) CeD infants (Chi Sq. 5.97, p = 0.0014). AGAs appeared earlier in CTRLs than in those who developed CeD (19 vs. 28 months). Additionally, the production of AGAs in CeD overlapped with the production of DGP and anti-tTG. In addition, gene expression as well as serum cytokine levels discriminated children who developed CeD from CTRLs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the early and isolated production of AGA-IgA antibodies is a CeD-tolerogenic marker and that changes in gene expression and cytokine patterns precede the appearance of anti-tTG antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T05:21:23Z","timestamp":1680758483000},"page":"6836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antibody Profile, Gene Expression and Serum Cytokines in At-Risk Infants before the Onset of Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Renata","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Galatola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Cielo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rotondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fortunata","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c\/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Mandile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Carpinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9429-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Matarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy (IEOS-CNR), c\/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gianfrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy (IBBC-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caio, G., Volta, U., Sapone, A., Leffler, D.A., De Giorgio, R., Catassi, C., and Fasano, A. 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Nutr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6836\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:11:05Z","timestamp":1760123465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/7\/6836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24076836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24076836","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}