{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T19:36:22Z","timestamp":1791747382635,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Al Ain University","award":["Ph2022-3-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ph2022-3-100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human body is a superorganism that harbors trillions of microbes, most of which inhabit the gut. To colonize our bodies, these microbes have evolved strategies to regulate the immune system and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis by secreting chemical mediators. There is much interest in deciphering these chemicals and furthering their development as novel therapeutics. In this work, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to identifying functional immunomodulatory molecules from the gut microbiome. Based on this approach, we report the discovery of lactomodulin, a unique peptide from Lactobacillus\u00a0rhamnosus that exhibits dual anti-inflammatory and antibiotic activities and minimal cytotoxicity in human cell lines. Lactomodulin reduces several secreted proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1. As an antibiotic, lactomodulin is effective against a range of human pathogens, and is most potent against antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). The multifunctional activity of lactomodulin affirms that the microbiome encodes evolved functional molecules with promising therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:26:06Z","timestamp":1681097166000},"page":"6901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Discovery of Lactomodulin, a Unique Microbiome-Derived Peptide That Exhibits Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Walaa K.","family":"Mousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Ghemrawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tareq","family":"Abu-Izneid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5711-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah","family":"Al-Marzooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31502-1","article-title":"An expanded reference map of the human gut microbiome reveals hundreds of previously unknown species","volume":"13","author":"Leviatan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01456-3","article-title":"A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"McGuinness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. 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