{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:32:12Z","timestamp":1787506332602,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-64-47008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-64-47008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scaffold biocompatibility remains an urgent problem in tissue engineering. An especially interesting problem is guided cell intergrowth and tissue sprouting using a porous scaffold with a special design. Two types of structures were obtained from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) using a salt leaching technique. In flat scaffolds (scaffold-1), one side was more porous (pore size 100\u2013300 \u03bcm), while the other side was smoother (pore size 10\u201350 \u03bcm). Such scaffolds are suitable for the in vitro cultivation of rat mesenchymal stem cells and 3T3 fibroblasts, and, upon subcutaneous implantation to older rats, they cause moderate inflammation and the formation of a fibrous capsule. Scaffold-2s are homogeneous volumetric hard sponges (pore size 30\u2013300 \u03bcm) with more structured pores. They were suitable for the in vitro culturing of 3T3 fibroblasts. Scaffold-2s were used to manufacture a conduit from the PHB\/PHBV tube with scaffold-2 as a filler. The subcutaneous implantation of such conduits to older rats resulted in gradual soft connective tissue sprouting through the filler material of the scaffold-2 without any visible inflammatory processes. Thus, scaffold-2 can be used as a guide for connective tissue sprouting. The obtained data are advanced studies for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering application for the elderly patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:49:29Z","timestamp":1681098569000},"page":"6965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 3D-Scaffold\u2013Conduit for Guided Tissue Sprouting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5601-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina I.","family":"Zharkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, M.V. 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Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics\u201d, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Priorova Str. 10, Moscow 127299, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr A.","family":"Muraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana K.","family":"Makhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0253-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera V.","family":"Voinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, M.V. 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Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vsevolod A.","family":"Zhuikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin V.","family":"Shaitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, M.V. 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