{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:48:15Z","timestamp":1790758095979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-TPE-112-RT-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-112-RT-3"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-TPE-110-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-110-05"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital and Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-TPE-111-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-111-49"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate the acute effects and the mechanism of ketamine on nicotine-induced relaxation of the corpus cavernosum (CC) in mice. This study measured the intra-cavernosal pressure (ICP) of male C57BL\/6 mice and the CC muscle activities using an organ bath wire myograph. Various drugs were used to investigate the mechanism of ketamine on nicotine-induced relaxation. Direct ketamine injection into the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) inhibited MPG-induced increases in ICP. D-serine\/L-glutamate-induced relaxation of the CC was inhibited by MK-801 (N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor), and nicotine-induced relaxation was enhanced by D-serine\/L-glutamate. NMDA had no effect on CC relaxation. Nicotine-induced relaxation of the CC was suppressed by mecamylamine (a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist), lidocaine, guanethidine (an adrenergic neuronal blocker), Nw-nitro-L-arginine (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), MK-801, and ketamine. This relaxation was almost completely inhibited in CC strips pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (a neurotoxic synthetic organic compound). Ketamine inhibited cavernosal nerve neurotransmission via direct action on the ganglion and impaired nicotine-induced CC relaxation. The relaxation of the CC was dependent on the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, which may be mediated by the NMDA receptor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:49:29Z","timestamp":1681098569000},"page":"6976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Acute Effects and Mechanism of Ketamine on Nicotine-Induced Neurogenic Relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosum in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ming-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze-Chen","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Yi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Hsien","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Shei-Dei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900513","article-title":"Sympathetic pathways and adrenergic innervation of the penis","volume":"12","author":"Andersson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. 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