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These studies revealed the important biochemical and physiological changes that sperm undergo in their travel throughout the female genital tract, including changes in membrane fluidity, the activation of soluble adenylate cyclase, increases in intracellular pH and Ca2+ and the development of motility. Sperm are highly polarized cells, with a resting membrane potential of about \u221240 mV, which must rapidly adapt to the ionic changes occurring through the sperm membrane. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the relationship between variations in the sperm potential membrane, including depolarization and hyperpolarization, and their correlation with changes in sperm motility and capacitation to further lead to the acrosome reaction, a calcium-dependent exocytosis process. We also review the functionality of different ion channels that are present in spermatozoa in order to understand their association with human infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T05:59:33Z","timestamp":1681106373000},"page":"6995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Role of Sperm Membrane Potential and Ion Channels in Regulating Sperm Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas, CSIC-University of Sevilla, Avenida Am\u00e9rico Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainize","family":"Odriozola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bizkaia, Spain"},{"name":"Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"MEPRO Medical Reproductive Solutions, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Candenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas, CSIC-University of Sevilla, Avenida Am\u00e9rico Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Subir\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Bizkaia, Spain"},{"name":"Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain"},{"name":"MEPRO Medical Reproductive Solutions, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.005","article-title":"The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017","volume":"108","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. 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