{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:34:13Z","timestamp":1763728453269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program","award":["PRIORITY-2030","22-44-02007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIORITY-2030","22-44-02007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"RSF-DST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIORITY-2030","22-44-02007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIORITY-2030","22-44-02007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by the hantavirus infection, is endemic in Tatarstan Russia. The majority of patients are adults, with infection rarely diagnosed in children. This limited number of pediatric NE cases means there is an inadequate understanding of disease pathogenesis in this age category. Here, we have analyzed clinical and laboratory data in adults and children with NE to establish whether and how the disease severity differs between the two age groups. Serum cytokines were analyzed in samples collected from 11 children and 129 adult NE patients during an outbreak in 2019. A kidney toxicity panel was also used to analyze urine samples from these patients. Additionally, serum and urine samples were analyzed from 11 control children and 26 control adults. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data revealed that NE was milder in children than in adults. A variation in serum cytokine activation could explain the differences in clinical presentation. Cytokines associated with activation of Th1 lymphocytes were prominent in adults, while they were obscured in sera from pediatric NE patients. In addition, a prolonged activation of kidney injury markers was found in adults with NE, whilst only a short-lasting activation of these markers was observed in children with NE. These findings support previous observations of age differences in NE severity, which should be considered when diagnosing the disease in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T02:02:33Z","timestamp":1681178553000},"page":"7016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differential Cytokine Responses and the Clinical Severity of Adult and Pediatric Nephropathia Epidemica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Martynova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGene and Cell Technologies\u201d Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, OpenLab, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0638-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stott-Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venera","family":"Shakirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albina","family":"Saubanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asiya","family":"Bulatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4409-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriy N.","family":"Davidyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGene and Cell Technologies\u201d Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, OpenLab, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kabwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGene and Cell Technologies\u201d Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, OpenLab, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Markelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGene and Cell Technologies\u201d Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, OpenLab, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5347-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilseyar","family":"Khaertynova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshana L.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Khaiboullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGene and Cell Technologies\u201d Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, OpenLab, 420008 Kazan, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001454","article-title":"Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997\u20132013","volume":"144","author":"Khismatullina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidyuk, Y., Shamsutdinov, A., Kabwe, E., Ismagilova, R., Martynova, E., Belyaev, A., Shuralev, E., Trifonov, V., Savitskaya, T., and Isaeva, G. (2020). Prevalence of the Puumala orthohantavirus Strains in the Pre-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9070540"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005050561","article-title":"Hantavirus infection","volume":"16","author":"Muranyi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Moore, R.A., Griffen, D., and StatPearls (Internet) (2020, November 01). Treasure island (FL) StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Hantavirus Syndrome. (Updated 2022 May 15), Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513243."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.360","article-title":"Hantavirus infection: An emerging infectious disease causing acute renal failure","volume":"83","author":"Krautkramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu319","article-title":"Acute kidney injury and tools for risk-stratification in 456 patients with hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica","volume":"30","author":"Latus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfs160","article-title":"The RIFLE and AKIN classifications for acute kidney injury: A critical and comprehensive review","volume":"6","author":"Lopes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1654(199804\/06)8:2<67::AID-RMV217>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Pathogenesis of puumala and other hantavirus infections","volume":"8","author":"Kanerva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"941","article-title":"Hantavirus-related acute interstitial nephritis in western Europe. Expansion of a world-wide zoonosis","volume":"73","author":"Mery","year":"1989","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq118","article-title":"Characterization and outcome following Puumala virus infection: A retrospective analysis of 75 cases","volume":"25","author":"Braun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1605191","article-title":"Post-infectious fatigue following Puumala virus infection","volume":"51","author":"Furberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustonen, J., Vaheri, A., Porsti, I., and Makela, S. (2022). Long-Term Consequences of Puumala Hantavirus Infection. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030598"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal, E., Korva, M., Resman Rus, K., Kejzar, N., Bogovic, P., Kurent, A., Avsic-Zupanc, T., and Strle, F. (2018). Sequential assessment of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197661"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00869727","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children","volume":"6","author":"Gligic","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.559666","article-title":"Systematic literature review of symptoms, signs and severity of serologically confirmed nephropathia epidemica in paediatric and adult patients","volume":"43","author":"Huttunen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000087","article-title":"Disease burden of Puumala virus infections, 1995-2008","volume":"138","author":"Makary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13073.x","article-title":"Clinical picture of nephropathia epidemica in children","volume":"83","author":"Mustonen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04215-9","article-title":"Clinical course of hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica in children compared to adults in Germany-analysis of 317 patients","volume":"34","author":"Echterdiek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10416","article-title":"Hanta hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A pathology in whose diagnosis kidney biopsy plays a major role (Review)","volume":"22","author":"Lupusoru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000433563","article-title":"Community Acquired Severe Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Hantavirus-Induced Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Has a Favorable Outcome","volume":"130","author":"Outinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Jannette, J.G., Olson, J.L., Silva, F.G., and D\u2019Agati, V.D. (2015). Heptinstall\u2019s Pathology of the Kidney, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9811","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00568-11","article-title":"Pathogenic old world hantaviruses infect renal glomerular and tubular cells and induce disassembling of cell-to-cell contacts","volume":"85","author":"Grouls","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.04.030","article-title":"Hantavirus infection with severe proteinuria and podocyte foot-process effacement","volume":"64","author":"Boehlke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4gele, S., M\u00fcller, A., Nusshag, C., Reiser, J., Zeier, M., and Krautkr\u00e4mer, E. (2018). Motility of human renal cells is disturbed by infection with pathogenic hantaviruses. BMC Infect. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3583-x"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76050-0","article-title":"Glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction in a self-limiting, RNA virus-induced glomerulopathy resembles findings in idiopathic nephrotic syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Nusshag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000045963","article-title":"Effect of dilazep dihydrochloride on urinary albumin excretion in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease","volume":"88","author":"Nakamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000459634","article-title":"Glomerular proteinuria predicts the severity of acute kidney injury in Puumala hantavirus-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis","volume":"136","author":"Mantula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1358461","article-title":"Haematuria is a marker for the severity of acute kidney injury but does not associate with thrombocytopenia in acute Puumala hantavirus infection","volume":"49","author":"Outinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (Lond.)"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.05.770","article-title":"Glucosuria predicts the severity of Puumala hantavirus infection","volume":"4","author":"Mantula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansson, M., Gustafsson, R., Jacquet, C., Chebaane, N., Satchell, S., Thunberg, T., Ahlm, C., and Fors Connolly, A.-M. (2020). Cystatin C and \u03b1-1-microglobulin predict severe acute kidney injury in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9080666"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8658507","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8658507","article-title":"Urinary clusterin is upregulated in nephropathia epidemica","volume":"2018","author":"Martynova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.109","article-title":"Expression of clusterin in human renal diseases","volume":"45","author":"Dvergsten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V9133","article-title":"Induction of clusterin in tubules of nephrotic rats","volume":"9","author":"Schwochau","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00970","article-title":"Characterization of the Puumala orthohantavirus strains in the northwestern region of the Republic of Tatarstan in relation to the clinical manifestations in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients","volume":"10","author":"Davidyuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidyuk, Y.N., Kabwe, E., Shamsutdinov, A.F., Knyazeva, A.V., Martynova, E.V., Ismagilova, R.K., Trifonov, V.A., Savitskaya, T.A., Isaeva, G.S., and Urbanowicz, R.A. (2021). The Distribution of Puumala orthohantavirus Genome Variants Correlates with the Regional Landscapes in the Trans-Kama Area of the Republic of Tatarstan. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091169"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO AKI guidelines","volume":"2","author":"Kellum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.01.003","article-title":"Inflammasome activation and IL-1beta and IL-18 processing during infection","volume":"32","author":"Netea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851835","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.851835","article-title":"Inflammasome Contribution to the Activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Immune Responses","volume":"13","author":"Martynova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe1757","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abe1757","article-title":"Select hyperactivating NLRP3 ligands enhance the T(H)1-and T(H)17-inducing potential of human type 2 conventional dendritic cells","volume":"14","author":"Hatscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/378088a0","article-title":"Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-gamma production by T cells","volume":"378","author":"Okamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"621931","article-title":"Interleukin-1 as Innate Mediator of T Cell Immunity","volume":"11","author":"Tavernier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.423","article-title":"Interleukin-18 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses","volume":"19","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Yuan, B., Zhuang, R., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., Zhang, C., Yu, H., Yi, J., Yang, A., and Jin, B. (2015). Hantaan virus infection induces both Th1 and ThGranzyme B+ cell immune responses that associated with viral control and clinical outcome in humans. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004788"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.7.5301-5308.1999","article-title":"Human memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to Hantaan virus infection: Identification of virus-specific and cross-reactive CD8(+) CTL epitopes on nucleocapsid protein","volume":"73","author":"Schmaljohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00416-6","article-title":"Generation of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing Puumala virus proteins and use in isolating cytotoxic T cells specific for Puumala virus","volume":"84","author":"Terajima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3297","article-title":"Role of specific CD8+ T cells in the severity of a fulminant zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome","volume":"172","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(97)10019-8","article-title":"Evaluation of Puumala virus IgG and IgM enzyme immunoassays based on recombinant baculovirus-expressed nucleocapsid protein for early nephropathia epidemica diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Vapalahti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Virol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199709)53:1<51::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Puumala and Dobrava viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Evidence of highly cross-neutralizing antibody responses in early patient sera","volume":"53","author":"Lundkvist","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1086\/315657","article-title":"Humoral immune responses in the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.4.1465.h8001465_1465_1473","article-title":"Coadministration of interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 induces a fatal inflammatory response in mice: Critical role of natural killer cell interferon-gamma production and STAT-mediated signal transduction","volume":"96","author":"Carson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(91)90249-3","article-title":"The SGP-2 gene is developmentally regulated in the mouse kidney and abnormally expressed in collecting duct cysts in polycystic kidney disease","volume":"146","author":"Harding","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00902.x","article-title":"Clusterin protects against oxidative stress in vitro through aggregative and nonaggregative properties","volume":"53","author":"Schwochau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3774","article-title":"Protective effect of clusterin from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2011.43.1.006","article-title":"Clusterin protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Akt\/GSK-3\u03b2 signaling pathway","volume":"43","author":"Jun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/1357-2725(95)00027-M","article-title":"Clusterin: Physiologic and pathophysiologic considerations","volume":"27","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F724","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00410.2013","article-title":"Promotion of cell proliferation by clusterin in the renal tissue repair phase after ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"306","author":"Nguan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601186","article-title":"Calbindin-D28K dynamically controls TRPV5-mediated Ca2+ transport","volume":"25","author":"Lambers","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000187175","article-title":"Metabolism of calcium and vitamin D3 in patients with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: A study of 41 patients with nephropathia epidemica","volume":"63","author":"Saha","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Yushchuk, N.D., and Vegerov, Y.Y. (2001). Publishing House, GEOTAR-Media."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Vengerov, Y.Y. (2019). Infectious Diseases: National Guidelines, GEOTAR-Media."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.21518\/1561-5936-2015-10-42-47","article-title":"Development of Drug Laboratory Methods and Manufacture Technology for Specific Diagnosis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Dzagurova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remedium"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"DNASTAR, Inc (Lasergene: Expert Sequence Analysis Software, 2003). Lasergene: Expert Sequence Analysis Software, Version 5."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/8\/7016\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:13:22Z","timestamp":1760123602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/8\/7016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24087016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24087016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-0067"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]}}}