{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:40:41Z","timestamp":1790037641244,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Research Institutes","award":["BN-110-PP-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN-110-PP-01"]}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes","award":["BN-110-GP-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN-110-GP-09"]}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes","award":["BN-111-PP-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN-111-PP-01"]}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes","award":["BN-112-PP-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN-112-PP-01"]}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes","award":["BN-112-GP-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BN-112-GP-09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that causes pain, cartilage deformation, and joint inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential therapeutic agents for OA treatment. However, the 2D culture of MSCs could potentially affect their characteristics and functionality. In this study, calcium-alginate (Ca-Ag) scaffolds were prepared for human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) proliferation with a homemade functionally closed process bioreactor system; the feasibility of cultured hADSC spheres in heterologous stem cell therapy for OA treatment was then evaluated. hADSC spheres were collected from Ca-Ag scaffolds by removing calcium ions via ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation. In this study, 2D-cultured individual hADSCs or hADSC spheres were evaluated for treatment efficacy in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model. The results of gait analysis and histological sectioning showed that hADSC spheres were more effective at relieving arthritis degeneration. The results of serological and blood element analyses of hADSC-treated rats indicated that the hADSC spheres were a safe treatment in vivo. This study demonstrates that hADSC spheres are a promising treatment for OA and can be applied to other stem cell therapies or regenerative medical treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1681268228000},"page":"7062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["3D-Cultured Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Spheres Using Calcium-Alginate Scaffolds for Osteoarthritis Treatment in a Mono-Iodoacetate-Induced Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yu-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Yung","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10087, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Tien","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hsi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Management, Chung Hwa University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Sin","family":"Syu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hsin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo-Chung","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2994-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Huei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10087, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0327-1","article-title":"Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data","volume":"51","author":"Tachmazidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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