{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:24:08Z","timestamp":1787801048571,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"major project of science and technology department of Yunnan province","award":["202002AA100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002AA100005"]}]},{"name":"major project of science and technology department of Yunnan province","award":["2019ZG009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZG009"]}]},{"name":"major project of science and technology department of Yunnan province","award":["202305AS350025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AS350025"]}]},{"name":"YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs","award":["202002AA100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002AA100005"]}]},{"name":"YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs","award":["2019ZG009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZG009"]}]},{"name":"YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs","award":["202305AS350025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AS350025"]}]},{"name":"Xingdian talent plan of Yunnan Province (Young talents project), and selection projects of high-level scientific and technological talents and innovative team","award":["202002AA100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002AA100005"]}]},{"name":"Xingdian talent plan of Yunnan Province (Young talents project), and selection projects of high-level scientific and technological talents and innovative team","award":["2019ZG009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZG009"]}]},{"name":"Xingdian talent plan of Yunnan Province (Young talents project), and selection projects of high-level scientific and technological talents and innovative team","award":["202305AS350025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AS350025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amomum tsaoko (AT) is a dietary botanical with laxative properties; however, the active ingredients and mechanisms are still unclear. The active fraction of AT aqueous extract (ATAE) for promoting defecation in slow transit constipation mice is the ethanol-soluble part (ATES). The total flavonoids of ATES (ATTF) were the main active component. ATTF significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus and reduced the dominant commensals, such as Lachnospiraceae, thereby changing the gut microbiota structure and composition. Meanwhile, ATTF changed the gut metabolites mainly enriched in pathways such as the serotonergic synapse. In addition, ATTF increased the serum serotonin (5-HT) content and mRNA expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), which are involved in the serotonergic synaptic pathway. ATTF increased Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1), which promotes the release of 5-HT, and Myosin light chain 3(MLC3), which promotes smooth muscle motility. Notably, we established a network between gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and host parameters. The dominant gut microbiota Lactobacillus and Bacillus, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and laxative phenotypes showed the most significant associations. The above results suggest that ATTF may relieve constipation by regulating the gut microbiota and serotonergic synaptic pathway and has great potential for laxative drug development in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T04:33:26Z","timestamp":1681360406000},"page":"7191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Flavonoids in Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie Ameliorate Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Aromatic Bioengineering Technology Research Center, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Bowel Disorders","volume":"S0016-5085","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erhardt, R., Harnett, J.E., Steels, E., and Steadman, K.J. 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