{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:12:24Z","timestamp":1789143144235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["IJC2018-038026-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJC2018-038026-I"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PY20_00212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY20_00212"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["B-AGR-658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-AGR-658"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Government","award":["IJC2018-038026-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJC2018-038026-I"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Government","award":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Government","award":["PY20_00212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY20_00212"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Government","award":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"]}]},{"name":"Andalusian Government","award":["B-AGR-658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-AGR-658"]}]},{"name":"The Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid","award":["IJC2018-038026-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IJC2018-038026-I"]}]},{"name":"The Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid","award":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-120157RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"The Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid","award":["PY20_00212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY20_00212"]}]},{"name":"The Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid","award":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-CTS-584-UGR20"]}]},{"name":"The Association of Celiacs and Sensitive to Gluten of the Community of Madrid","award":["B-AGR-658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B-AGR-658"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that damages the small intestine. Although CeD has been associated with a higher risk for cancer, the role of CeD as a risk factor for specific malignancies, such as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), remains controversial. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) methods and the summarized results of large genome-wide association studies from public repositories, we addressed the causal relationship between CeD and eight different malignancies. Eleven non-HLA SNPs were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), and causality estimates were obtained using four 2SMR methods: random-effects inverse variance-weighted, weighted median estimation, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). We identified a significant causal relationship between CeD and mature T\/NK cell lymphomas. Under a multivariate Mendelian randomization model, we observed that the causal effect of CeD was not dependent on other known lymphoma risk factors. We found that the most instrumental IV was located in the TAGAP locus, suggesting that aberrant T cell activation might be relevant in the T\/NK cell malignization process. Our findings provide new insights into the connection between immune imbalance and the development of severe comorbidities, such as EATL, in patients with CeD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T02:28:12Z","timestamp":1681439292000},"page":"7216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Celiac Disease Is a Risk Factor for Mature T and NK Cell Lymphoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Mart\u00edn-Masot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d (INYTA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Herrador-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor Manuel","family":"Navas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Gastroenterolog\u00eda y Nutrici\u00f3n Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29011 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1427-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco David","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Reproducci\u00f3n Humana y Enfermedades Hereditarias y Complejas (IBS-TEC14), Terapias Avanzadas y Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Nestares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d (INYTA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Bossini-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Reproducci\u00f3n Humana y Enfermedades Hereditarias y Complejas (IBS-TEC14), Terapias Avanzadas y Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31796-8","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"391","author":"Lebwohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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