{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:34:17Z","timestamp":1781775257531,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012283","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGRPG6L0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGRPG6L0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) To investigate the functional and anatomical outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); (2) In total, 65 patients with AMD with or without OSA who received three consecutive doses of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections were enrolled. The primary outcomes\u2014best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT)\u2014were assessed at 1 and 3 months. Moreover, morphological changes observed through optical coherence tomography were analyzed; (3) In total, 15 of the 65 patients had OSA and were included in the OSA group; the remaining 50 patients were included in the non-OSA (control) group. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, BCVA and CMT had improved but did not differ significantly between the groups. More patients in the OSA group demonstrated subretinal fluid (SRF) resorption at 3 months after treatment than in the non-OSA group (p = 0.009). Changes in other imaging biomarkers, such as intraretinal cysts, retinal pigment epithelium detachment, hyperreflective dots, and ellipsoid zone disruptions, did not differ significantly between the groups; (4) Our results suggest that the BCVA and CMT outcomes 3 months after anti-VEGF treatment are similar between patients with and without OSA. Moreover, patients with OSA may exhibit superior SRF resorption. A large-scale prospective study is mandatory to evaluate the association between SRF resorption and visual outcomes in AMD patients with OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T09:23:43Z","timestamp":1681464223000},"page":"7285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Functional and Anatomical Outcomes of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration with or without Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-4012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan-Ni","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau-Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3996-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Jhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng-Chiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Dar","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Lung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Hsu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8594-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hsiung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2011.e15","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"3","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. 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