{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:19:20Z","timestamp":1792189160885,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AbbVie GK"},{"name":"CAC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This multicenter retrospective study aimed to clarify the prognostic factors for mortality and changes in treatment modalities and disease activities after the onset of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data regarding the clinical background, treatment modalities, and disease activity indicators of RA at the onset of PCP (baseline), and 6 months and 12 months after treatment were extracted. Of the 37 patients with RA-PCP (median age, 69 years; 73% female), chemical prophylaxis was administered to 8.1%. Six patients died during PCP treatment. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the prednisolone (PDN) dose at baseline in the PCP death group were significantly higher than those in the survivor group. Multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model showed that PDN dose at baseline was a predictor of death from PCP in patients with RA. During the 12 months from baseline, the RA disease activity significantly decreased. A high dose of corticosteroids for RA may result in a poor prognosis when PCP is complicated. In the future, preventive administration techniques must be established for patients with RA who need PCP prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T02:30:03Z","timestamp":1681785003000},"page":"7399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prognostic Factors Affecting Death in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Complicated by Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and One-Year Clinical Course: The ANSWER Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Shiba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Okayama 710-0016, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehiko","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3120-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8303, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Amuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonsu","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Clinic and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toru","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Nishinomiya 663-8014, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Ebina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motomu","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Division of Rheumatology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"ITC1","article-title":"Rheumatoid 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