{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:46:51Z","timestamp":1777045611797,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1FD97-1065-C03-01, SAF2004-08361-C02-01, and SAF2007-66148-C02-01."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1FD97-1065-C03-01, SAF2004-08361-C02-01, and SAF2007-66148-C02-01."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) is involved in regulating the reproductive axis and is expressed at each level of this axis (hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013gonads). This dependence on estrogen levels has been widely demonstrated in the hypothalamus and pituitary. We focused on confirming the relationship of NTS with estrogens and the gonadal axis, using a particularly important environmental estrogenic molecule, bisphenol-A (BPA). Based on the experimental models or in vitro cell studies, it has been shown that BPA can negatively affect reproductive function. We studied for the first time the action of an exogenous estrogenic substance on the expression of NTS and estrogen receptors in the pituitary-gonadal axis during prolonged in vivo exposure. The exposure to BPA at 0.5 and 2 mg\/kg body weight per day during gestation and lactation was monitored through indirect immunohistochemical procedures applied to the pituitary and ovary sections. Our results demonstrate that BPA induces alterations in the reproductive axis of the offspring, mainly after the first postnatal week. The rat pups exposed to BPA exhibited accelerated sexual maturation to puberty. There was no effect on the number of rats born per litter, although the fewer primordial follicles suggest a shorter fertile life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T02:30:03Z","timestamp":1681785003000},"page":"7418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["NTS, NTSR1 and ERs in the Pituitary\u2013Gonadal Axis of Cycling and Postnatal Female Rats after BPA Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5457-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, \u00c1rea de Anatom\u00eda Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas (ITB), 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1765-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas (ITB), 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Microbiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, \u00c1rea de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Secci\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSP), 38296 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa del Carmen","family":"Damas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiomara","family":"Plasencia-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, \u00c1rea de Anatom\u00eda Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-2414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, \u00c1rea de Anatom\u00eda Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00edas Biom\u00e9dicas (ITB), 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas B\u00e1sicas, \u00c1rea de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aixa R.","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Microbiolog\u00eda, Biolog\u00eda Celular y Gen\u00e9tica, \u00c1rea de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Secci\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud P\u00fablica de Canarias (IUETSP), 38296 La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.4.8404623","article-title":"Estrogen-regulated synthesis of neurotensin in neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in the female rat","volume":"133","author":"Alexander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-4-2111","article-title":"Estrogen induces neurotensin\/neuromedin N messenger ribonucleic acid in a preoptic nucleus essential for the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone in the rat","volume":"125","author":"Alexander","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903110107","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic distribution of neurotensin\/neuromedin N mRNA in the rat preoptic area","volume":"311","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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